Risk Modeling Essay

Introduction A risk is a chance of something going wrong or something that cause threat to an organization or an establishment. The process of risk management refers to the use of financial measuring techniques to determine the cumulative risk in a financial assortment. Financial institutions or individuals are always exposed to different types of risks in their operating environments. Some risks are usually unavoidable whereas some cannot. Risk modeling therefore presents a way of measuring and determining their overall effect. Risk modeling takes into account all the variables which are involved when covering a risk. There are   two books under study and they include: Risk Model Textbook and Risk Model Sewall. The two books have several similarities in their approach to risk modeling and they differ in some ways as discussed below. Similarities The two books both address the effects of risk in an organization. The two books have a similar way of assessing risks which is based on probability of occurrence. They further discuss their impact on an organization. The two books lay a major weight on discussing the risk of information whereby a detailed account is given Both books present similar ways of dealing with risks. It is stated categorically that Information security, management and users, and information technology all must work together in order to achieve better results at the end of the study. Both books propose having an insurance cover as one of the best ways in managing the different types of risks discussed in the books. Both books address similar challenges and solutions to risk management. They also look at historical information as one of the best ways to analyze risks. Differences In risk model text book, there is a systematic approach on the whole process of risk modeling. The book starts by looking at some basic definitions of risks and gives a general overview of risk. Whereas, in risk model Sewall the approach is not systematic and the author does not give adequate introduction as far as risk modeling is concerned. Risk Model Sewall looks at risk from a cultural and a social point of view. This is evident from the initial stages of the book where the author gives an account of cultural cognition of risk. On the other hand, risk model text book looks at risk from a business man’s perspective.   This can be seen although the book whereby the author analyses the different types of risks quantitatively. Risk model Sewall gives a logical and more practical approach to risk. The issues presented in the book whereby the author addresses the different types of risks that people are likely to encounter in their day to day activities. Consequently, risk model text book looks at risk in more theoretical and mathematical manner. This can be seen from the numerous calculations used in analyzing risks some of which may not be realized in a practical setting. The risk model text book gives recommendations on the ways that can be applied to control the risks and gives a detailed summary on the whole process of risk management. On the other hand, the risk model Sewall just give practical examples but does not give   detailed summary on the whole process of risk management. In the risk model text we get a definition of   risk management, risk identification and risk control. We then get an insight of how risk is identified and assessed. Assess risk based on probability of occurrence and impact on an organization. We are then taken through a procedure to grasp fundamental aspect of documenting risk through the creation of risk assessment. This Book is better than the one by Sewall because of its systematic approach towards risk modeling. The book starts by giving information on what is going to be covered and ends up with a summary which gives an account of what has been covered in the book. On the other hand the Risk model by Sewall does not give an organized and insight coverage of Risk modeling which makes it unsuitable for someone who wants to analyze the whole process of risk modeling.

The Christian View Of God - 1647 Words

With recent technology offering a more comprehensive perspective of the current global atrocities, the existence of evil has never been more prevalent. If evil is defined as extreme suffering, premature death, and moral corruption, its existence questions the Christian view of God. The Christian God is an all-seeing, all-powerful being of moral perfection. Because these two truths cannot coexist, the fact that evil exists disproves the existence of the Christian God. If God is omnipotent, He could prevent any injustice. Since injustice does exist, it is necessary to modify either our perception of God s morality of, the extent of his power, or the limitations of human understanding. It is unlikely that God allows for the existence of evil due to a moral reason. This view of morality comes from our modern interpretation of ethics and would need to justify the pain and prejudice evident in the human world, deeming it either neutral or good. Many of those who have experienced tremendous injustices also fail to reconcile the existence of God and evil. Elie Wiesel, a holocaust survivor, writes in his autobiographical work Night that I did not deny God s existence, but I doubted His absolute justice, (Wiesel, Ch. 3). It is an abuse of power to justify the suffering of others based on an end-goal without their consent or acknowledgment. If we accept this as fact, our perception of morality must change to include this defense of suffering. Thus, if the basis of faith and GodShow MoreRelatedChristian And Muslim Views Of The God2438 Words   |  10 Pagesyears, people have worshiped various Gods and idols, but by far Jesus Christ of Nazareth is now the most widely known religious figure in the world. He is central to Christianity, the largest religion in the world. In this paper, this writer will examine the Christian and Muslim views of the deity of Jesus. This paper will demonstrate the validity of the deity of Jesus Christ and the Trinity in response to the Muslims objection of Jesus Christ. The Christian and Muslim religions have many similaritiesRead More Comparing Islam and Christianity Essay735 Words   |  3 Pagesprominent differences include atonement, the identity of God, heaven, view of Jesus, and the perception of the Christian Bible. It is these not-so-subtle contrasts of thoughts that separate the two most prevalent religions in the world. One of the most important differences in Christianity and Islam is the concept of atonement. In Christianity, Jesus’ death on the cross allows Christians to repent from their sins and gain forgiveness from God. Conversely, in Islam there is no atonement from sinsRead MoreEssay on Christian Believe About the Sanctity of Human Life1309 Words   |  6 PagesChristian Believe About the Sanctity of Human Life Christians believe that God has given them the gift of life so therefore no one but God has the authority to end life or prevent new life. Exodus 20:13, â€Å"you shall not murder†, is an important biblical passage to the ‘sanctity of human life.’ It tells Christians initially that euthanasia, abortion and capital punishment are wrong although it is more complicated than that. Abortion is not mentioned in the BibleRead More Saint Augustine Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesmain figure in the development of orthodox Christian doctrine during the early Christian Church. Augustine was born in Northern Africa in AD 354. His father was a pagan and his mother a Christian. Though his parents were not extremely well to do, they had enough money to allow Augustine to obtain an education in the liberal arts. This education will eventually affect how he sees Christianity, especially concerning the use of neo-Platonic ideas in Christian theology. Augustine converted to orthodoxRead MoreChristian Worldview : A Worldview864 Words   |  4 Pagesof the world and second, an application of this view to life.† (Dr. John MacArthur, May 2006). A Christian worldview requires for us Christians to learn and know what the word of God teach us. For us Christians this worldview begins in Genesis chapter one verse one, with God creating the heavens and the earth. Christians should be altogether glad to embrace the certain and true mind of God the Father (Rom 11:34), God the Son (1 Cor. 2:16), and God the Spirit (Rom 8:27). In contrast to Peter, whoRead MoreCore Doctrines Are Apart Of The Christian Faith1488 Words   |  6 PagesGod: Core doctrines are apart of the Christian faith and should be taught no matter what the denomination is. Doctrines are not negotiable throughout the universal Christian churches. However, churches may have different dogmatic beliefs, because there are not set in stone and vary. Theology is defined by Beth Felker Jones as being â€Å"the study of the things of God, a God who loves the world.† Theology is a practice that affects Christians’ lives in many ways: the way that they think, live, and howRead MoreThe Christian Reality1003 Words   |  5 PagesThe Christian reality consists of both a physical and a supernatural world. Men for a long time have been aware of these two realities and yet many times have only looked at just one or the other. The Greek philosophers have held opposing views on what is real. These philosophies are known as idealism or realism. Each hold to truths that are found in Christian beliefs, but also contain beliefs that are opposed to Christian ity. Idealism holds to many ideas that can be accepted by Christians. OneRead MoreChristianity, Islam, And Judaism1375 Words   |  6 PagesIslam have similar beliefs in reference to their view of a deity, the afterlife, sin, salvation, and style of worship. The view each religion has of deity is one of monotheism, although Christians differ in that they have a Trinitarian monotheistic view instead of a strict one like the Jews and Muslims. Christians believe in the Trinity – God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Three parts all divided but also all one. Jesus – the Son of God – is recognized as the one who was sent to saveRead MoreDifferences Between Hebraic And Christian Worldview933 Words   |  4 Pages The Christian worldview has been influenced by various worldviews and ideologies. Because its roots are in the Hebraic worldview, Christianity shares similar outlooks on aspects of life and that which follows; however, there are definite differences between the two concerning morals and afterlife. Many of these differences between Hebraic and Christian worldview are due to the doctrine set by Jesus and the apostles. Platonic influence further altered the Christian worldview into the view that bec ameRead MoreChristian Teaching and Discussion About Euthanasia Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesChristian Teaching and Discussion About Euthanasia The word euthanasia comes from two Greek words eu meaning good and thanatos meaning death. Literally it means a good death. Euthanasia is arranging for someone who has an incurable terminal illness to die as quickly and as painlessly as possible. It is the act of purposely aiding someone to die, instead of letting nature take its course. There are four main types of euthanasia these are: Voluntary, Involuntary

Rising Rate of Divorce in Present Society - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Rising Rate of Divorce in Present Society. Answer: Introduction: The research managed to collect both primary and secondary data relevant Magnagement to the research topic by using various research techniques. Data was collected from members of the society through the use of survey questionnaire administered among a selected heterogeneous sample representing the larger society (Milner, et al. 2013). The respondents comprised of both the divorced, currently married, those currently dating as well as other stakeholders in the marriage institution such as religious leaders, parents of both couples, civic leaders among the general members of the society. This group of people were willing to give information that was relevant and ensured that the research problem was adequately addressed. The research used a survey questionnaire whose structure was subdivided into three parts to enable the respondents to give adequate data. To determine the variations in the divorce rate among different, the first part of the questionnaire required the respondent to give information regarding their gender. The questionnaire was made easy to understand and answer by providing multiple choices from which the respondent was to choose the most appropriate answer to address the question (Vignoli Ferro, 2009). For instance, the respondent was required to mark in the provided boxes with five pre-defined choices including; Agree, Strongly Agree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree, and No Comment. The survey questionnaire was designed in a manner that enabled the research to answer to answer the research questions which included; What do you think is the main reason behind the increasing rate of divorce among couples? Does the number of years the couples have been in marriage affect the chances of divorce? What is your opinion on divorce? It was discovered that indeed, the rate of divorce is on the rise in the present society as compared to yester years. The respondents registered varied reactions on the validity of divorce with some supporting it especially where cases of unfaithfulness arose while others regarding it as an evil that leads to the suffering of the innocent children. It was discovered, that among those who were divorced, a large percentage of men moved on and got married again than their female counterparts who in most cases were observed to be living single lives. Moreover, among those who were divorced, the research observed that the divorce cases were higher among employed women who were financially stable than their counterparts who had no jobs and relied on their husbands for financial support (Hendershott, et al. 2009). It was discovered that children who were embroiled in the divorce caucus were psychologically Management affected and registered low performance in academic performance. A good number of couples who had divorced were observed to be engaged in alcohol drinking while at the same time, many of these couples especially women admitted that they were still in love with their couples and would wish to move back to the marriage if the spouses apologised and changed. On the other hand, a considerable number of divorced couples especially those from abusive marriages regretted getting married and admitted never to fall in love and get married again (Halford, et al. 2008). A mong those who were still in marriage, a good number admitted that they were not happy in the marriage and could wish to divorce. However, they admitted that they were held into the unhappy marriages due to reasons such as concern for their children as well as lack of financial capabilities to support themselves away from their spouses (Reimondos, et al. 2011). Unfaithfulness among couples was recorded as the biggest reason behind most divorce cases. The other reasons that were cited as being behind the increasing divorce rate were gender freedom, economic reasons, urbanization, social support, religion, legal systems, Babies as well as cultural factors. Regardless of whether marriage is built on the foundation of love or is arranged, all marriages entail compromise and understanding. It was discovered during the research that the main reasons behind divorce revolve around the general lack of compromise and understanding among couples. For instance, couples become unfaithful to one another because they fail to compromise their sexual feelings for the sake of their marriage, couples divorce for economic reasons because they fail to understand the economic situation of one another and the situation is similar to all the reasons behind divorce (Narayan Smyth, 2007). The widespread gospel of women empowerment across the world is also plays a significant role in the rising rates of divorce in the present society. The institution of marriage is based on tolerance, perseverance, submission and understanding. These are the tools that held marriages for a long time in the traditional days. However, today, with the gospel of women empowerment Management, women have assumed a different role. Most have misunderstood the concept of being equal to men and assume that being submissive means being subdued by men and as a result many easily do no preserve challenges and will simply walk out from their spouses in the name of gender freedom. Economic situations also play a significant role in the rate of divorce in the modern society. Divorce is a socioeconomic phenomenon heavily dependent on the economic growth, cultural support, available labour opportunities as well as career mobility (Booth Kee, 2011). Lack of the capability of the couple to provide for the needs of the family leads to high chances of divorce among such families. Cases of divorce are higher among the rural, uneducated populace of Aust ralia where there is a high rate of unemployment. The high rate of divorce in the present days is also attributed to urbanization. In the towns, people tend to mix with friends and colleagues from varied cultures. Through the cultural interaction and exchange, they tend to embrace divorce as opposed to the other conventional ways of domestic conflict resolution. Moreover, urbanization leads to the disintegration of the social fabric. For instance, as a result of a spouse being posted to work in the urban areas, the family social support is reduced as one spouse may be left to fend for themselves without proper guidance and counselling hence raising the chances of divorce. This research also established that religion is also one of the factors affecting divorce (Heard, 2011). It was discovered that divorce rates were high among couples who did not belong to the same religion. On the other hand, among the couples of the same religion, divorce cases were low. This is because religion provided a platform for the couples to sit down and be guided and counselled on marriage issues. Similarly, through religious doctrines, the couples could easily understand and respect the institution of marriage hence reducing the chances of divorce. Furthermore, babies were cited as one of the reasons behind divorce. Varied opinions among the couples on the issue of babies, for instance, the number of babies to have as well as the inability of one spouse to bear children is also a major factor that contributes to the high divorce rates in the present society. Conclusion Marriage is an important institution that shapes the existence of society Management. However, due to poor priorities that drive marriage in the modern days, cases of divorce are on the rise. For instance, marriage in the western countries such as Australia is founded upon sex than in the east. As the couples grow older, sex becomes less engaging and as a result cracks beginning forming on the relationship hence the reason behind the high cases of divorce among older couples in the west. The biggest casualty of the rising cases of divorce in the present society is the child who is innocent and does not deserve the predicament that comes as a result of the separation of the parents (Burns Scott, 2013). High are the cases of neglect as a result of the parent indulging in alcoholism as a way to release the stress of having lost a loved one through divorce. The children also are forced in many circumstances to change the learning environment as well as the living area which affects the overall performance of the child. For the sake of the children and the entire society, measures should be put in place by both parents to ensure that cases of divorce are reduced. Recommendation Measures have been put in place to reduce the rampant cases of divorce in the present society. However, much needs to be done to reduce the consequences of divorce to the society. Some of the measures to be put in place include; Adequate sensitization to make the public informed on the effects of divorce. Legal restrictions should be put in place to reduce divorce rate and ensure that the interests of children are taken care of in the event of divorce. References Booth, A. L., Kee, H. J. (2011). A Long?Run View Of The University Gender Gap In Australia. Australian Economic History Review, 51(3), 254-276. Burns, A., Scott, C. (2013). Mother-headed families and why they have increased. Routledge. De Vaus, D., Gray, M., Qu, L., Stanton, D. (2014). The economic consequences of divorce in Australia. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, ebt014. Halford, W. K., Markman, H. J., Stanley, S. (2008). Strengthening couples' relationships with education: Social policy and public health perspectives. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(4), 497. Heard, G. (2011). Socioeconomic marriage differentials in Australia and New Zealand. Population and Development Review, 37(1), 125-160. Hendershott, P. H., Ong, R., Wood, G. A., Flatau, P. (2009). Marital history and home ownership: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Housing Economics, 18(1), 13-24. Milner, A., Page, A., LaMontagne, A. D. (2013). Duration of unemployment and suicide in Australia over the period 19852006: an ecological investigation by sex and age during rising versus declining national unemployment rates. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 67(3), 237-244. Narayan, P. K., Smyth, R. (2007). What Explains Dissent on the High Court of Australia? An Empirical Assessment Using a Cointegration and Error Correction Approach. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 4(2), 401-425. Reimondos, A., Evans, A., Gray, E. (2011). Living-apart-together (LAT) relationships in Australia. Family matters, (87), 43. Popenoe, D. (2009). Cohabitation, marriage, and child wellbeing: A cross-national perspective. Society, 46(5), 429-436. Vignoli, D., Ferro, I. (2009). Rising marital disruption in Italy and its correlates. Demographic Research, 20, 11.

Was the New Deal A Success Essay Example

Was the New Deal A Success Essay 1) People supported Roosevelt in 1932 election because he was positive, energetic and made the American people feel good. He was full of good news, or at least how good things would be if he were to be elected. He made it out to be a crusade, and not just one for him, one for the people. He almost made them feel that they were electing themselves, not Franklin. D. Roosevelt. He promised the Americans a new deal. He really made the American people believe that he was going to make everything all right again. They trusted him greatly. Another reason for him getting elected was because of the opposition. The opposition was Hoover. Many Americans felt he was to blame to the depression, and to top it all he wasnt even acknowledging that there was actually a problem. People werent going to vote for someone who had made their lives awful, probably the only votes he did get was from the rich industrialists, whom he had helped. Hoover just put forward the argument that businesses work in cycles of boom and bust and that prosperity would soon return. That was his solution to the problem. He didnt help the people who needed help, he didnt believe social security was the responsibility of the government. Many Americans felt he was heartless. We will write a custom essay sample on Was the New Deal A Success specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Was the New Deal A Success specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Was the New Deal A Success specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Roosevelt was the complete opposite to Hoover. He believed in an active government, he had plans to spend money on the needy, and he was more than happy to ask for advice, unlike Hoover who felt he knew best. Roosevelt was a man of the people, the people choice, he filled them with hope, and anything was better than the alternative. 2) The photo is of a line of black people queuing for government relief on front of a poster made by the government. The poster is of a white family driving in a car all smiles, with the slogan Theres no way like the American way. The photographer is trying to show the hypocrisy of the government. In those days the blacks had life a lot worse then the whites. The depression hit them extremely hard. In 1937 there was a recession. This damaged Roosevelt badly. A lot more republicans got into congress, making it harder for him to get his bills through, and people were losing faith in him. He also laid of a lot people who his organizations employed a lot of them were black workers. The photographer is also trying to make the point of there being very little racial equality in America hes pretty much calling the government racist (black people in front of a white mans poster). 3) Source E is a Cartoon from an American newspaper. It shows Roosevelt working a pump to get the economy going again. Into the pump he keeps pouring millions of the taxpayers money. The pump is also very leaky. This cartoon isnt really for Roosevelt. Its saying that hes wasting millions of dollars of the taxpayers money. The cartoonist is saying that Roosevelt is doing a bad job, hes wasting taxpayers money trying to get the economy going again. The cartoonist is possibly a republican, and hes definitely not a fan of Roosevelt. The taxpayer is holding all the money too, showing that hes holding the burden of the nation too. This could make the cartoonist a rich taxpayer too. Source F is a cartoon showing Roosevelt with a rubbish bin. The caption is Getting rid of the rubbish. In the bin he is throwing out all of Hoovers principles, everything he said. Its got rugged individuals, a car in every garage, a pot of chicken, and a sign saying prosperity is just around the corner. There is a man (who is meant to be Hoover) and hes walking around the corner towards prosperity looking at a timetable. This cartoon is for Roosevelt. It shows how hes throwing out everything Hoover stood for, all the unrealistic targets that Hoover had, especially with the way the American economy was. Hes also thrown out the sign that says prosperity is just around the corner. Its saying that Hoover was always saying that. He was always hoping, never taking action, unlike Roosevelt whom was taking action by throwing out the rubbish and the bad in America. Its definitely anti Hoover. Source G is another cartoon showing an old man and woman. The old man is meant to be the American public, the old woman congress, and the doctor Roosevelt. Roosevelt is issuing new remedies to the old man. On the table next to the old man are loads of bottles labeled with all the organizations he set up for the new deal. Roosevelt is saying Of course we may have to change the remedies if we dont get results. I think that this cartoon is both for and against Roosevelt. I feel it is pro Roosevelt because its showing him trying to help. It shows he wants to help, and it putting a lot of effort and time in to helping. I feel it is against Roosevelt though because it is saying hes taking too long over it. He hasnt got a clearly defined plan to get America out of the depression, he just keeps changing it and hoping something will work. Congress is depicted as an old woman purely because an old woman is something that can easily be taken advantage of. Theyre frail and weak. Roosevelt uses congress to get his bills through with no problem, congress is a pushover, but thats because its made mostly from democrats. I feel somebody neutral probably drew it, as he tries to show both sides of the argument, for and against Roosevelt. 4) I feel that both are useful sources in telling us about public opinion towards the new deal, but I feel source I is probably more informative and more of the real public opinion less biased. I feel Source I is more useful because it is from a popular song. Everybody was singing it. Also what is said in the song is backed up by other reports too. Its not praising the New Deal, saying its amazing, but it is saying that its helping people and things are better. The song is what the people were thinking, how they felt about Roosevelt. He got them working again, he got them their wages, and he made them feel better about life. Roosevelts supporters wrote source H. It was used as part of his election campaign, and is quite clearly going to be biased. Bits of what is said can be backed up by other sources, but most of it is glorified to help make Roosevelt sound wonderful. 5) The main differences between Sources J and K are that Source J saying that. Roosevelt was hurting people by giving. He was taking away their prowess. A quote from the source says He didnt understand that when you give to people, you hurt them. This man is clearly stating that he feels The New Deal was a bad thing it made self respecting men into nothing. It diminished them if you like, Welfare kills a mans initiative. A dog you feed will not hunt. He feels the New Deal was almost making him out to be some kind of loser. Source K on the other hand said that Roosevelt was helping the American people. It was saying how he was a real bonus to their lives. The New Deal meant that ordinary people would have a better chance in life. Source K also said that people should be left to hunt for themselves, they should make something of themselves, not live of handouts, because after a while you become too dependent on the handouts and cant fend for yourself properly anymore. Source K however contradicts this once again by saying that the handouts were a good thing, and they were helping the people recover, and making their lives better, The idea was that all the forces of the community should be directed to making life better for ordinary people. Source K was written by Roosevelts Secretary of Labour. Because she worked for Roosevelt she was of course going to be slightly biased. She was also a member of the government anyway, so she would have agreed with their policies (well, most of them). She also wouldnt have been one of the people hit hard by the depression, so she would have more of an objective, non egotistic, view on things, and also maybe a bit of sympathy for them. 6) I agree with both the quotes, although I feel the second one is probably the truer of the two. I agree with the first because the New Deal did help many Americans. It didnt give them all self-respect but it certainly helped them to survive and get back on their feet. It did also give some people, not all, a boost in confidence. An American historian wrote source B in 1945. One things he says to back up what was said in the first quote are, What, then, are the major achievements of the New Deal? First comes the restoration of self-confidence. Source I has a line in the song which goes Hes got things in full sway, were all working and getting our pay. Those two quotes back up what is said in the first quote. I agree with the second quote more however mainly because of the last statement, It did not solve all Americas economic problems the Second World War did that. When the second world happened once again Europe was short of supplies. They needed goods which they could not get any more due to not being able to import them, or just not being able to produce them themselves. As America stayed out the war until the end it was able to supply these countries with goods, thus boosting trade dramatically. If the Second World War hadnt happened America would have taken many years longer to fully recover from the depression after all, it was the First World War that led to the boom in the first place, so obviously another world war would have the same effect. Source C says how if the Second World War hadnt happened then Roosevelt would have been in real trouble, The was rescued him and he seized on it like a drowning man. The are also sources to back up what is said earlier on in the quote. Source E for example shows how money is being wasted via a cartoon. Admittedly the cartoon is probably a bit biased, but at the same time it was clear from other sources and comments made from the time that many people felt that Roosevelt was wasting money on needless things. Source C also clearly backs this up. It says how before Roosevelt came into power there was a national debt of $19 billion, and after hed made his mark there was a debt of $250 billion. The government also may have become too powerful. Because of all the organizations it had formed, it was employing hundreds of thousands of Americans itself. This in turn meant it was paying these people too. So the government had a hand in everyones pocket if you like. They had control over the peoples money. Source C also says how 1 in 4 Americans relied on the government for employment. More evidence suggesting that Roosevelt had a little too much control. I feel Source C is a fairly reliable source too as it was written by a historian and he had many more facts, and more of an objective view. From this I feel that the New Deal was a success, but only at first. At first Roosevelt quickly helped many people by getting them jobs and helping them to survive. Unfortunately he may have gone too far with this and had too much control. He didnt really encourage his people to fend for themselves enough and in the end America became dependent on itself, not its people. Roosevelt ended up leaving the country with a huge national debt and if the Second World War hadnt happened I feel that Roosevelt would have kept pumping money into the schemes till America really was struggling and everything came back in his face. I think that these two people disagree about the New Deal purely because of who actually wrote them. Source J was written by a self made, proud, businessman. He had a lot of pride. Hed worked to get somewhere. When Roosevelt just started handing out money to people like him he didnt like it. He saw almost as an insult. He felt he didnt need it, he was able to find money and work for himself, and after all he was a proud man who was capable even in the middle of a depression. He felt people should fend for themselves, not live on handouts, he didnt like it one bit. It was almost as if Roosevelt giving him money was damaging his ego, it made him feel like he was being seen as a failure, when he felt he wasnt and that he could sort it out himself. It made him feel small.

The Outsiders Essays (2238 words) - Films, The Outsiders, Greaser

The Outsiders The Outsiders Introduction In this book analysis, about the book "The Outsiders" by S. E. Hinton I will discuss character and plot development, as well as the setting, the author's style and my opinions about the book. In this part of the analysis I will give some information about the subjects of the book, and about the author. The author wrote the story when she was just 16 years old, in the 1950s. The book was successful, and it was sold, and still being sold, in many copies as a young adults novel. There was a movie made about it, and today there are still many schools that use this book in junior high and high schools for English classes. There were plays made about the book too. The Outsiders is about a gang. They live in a city in Oklahoma. Ponyboy Curtis, a 14 year old greaser, tells the story. Other characters include Sodapop and Darry, Ponyboy's brothers, Johnny, Dallas, and Two-Bit, that were also gang members and Ponyboy's friends. This story deals with two forms of social classes: the socs, the rich kids, and the greasers, the poor kids. The socs go around looking for trouble and greasers to beat up, and then the greasers are blamed for it, because they are poor and cannot affect the authorities. I hope you would enjoy and learn something about the book from reading this analysis. Plot Development The plot development in the book, "The Outsiders" by S.E. Hinton, was easy to follow. In this part of the book analysis I will give some more details about the plot development. There were no hooks or hurdles in the beginning of the book, the first sentence starts right away with the plot-without any forewords. This is the beginning of the first sentence: "When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house..." (page 9). As you can see, it goes straight to the point without any prologues or any kind of introduction. The plot development in the middle of the story was sensible and easy to understand. It was clear and simple, and the events have occurred in a reasonable order. The ending of the story was a bit expected. I anticipated the death of Johnny because a broken neck usually means death. The death of Dally was not as predictable as Johnny's death because it was said that: "He was tougher than the rest of us-tougher, colder, meaner." (page 19). I did not think that such a tough person would get himself killed because of a death of a friend, although it was said a short time before the death of Dally that: "Johnny was the only thing Dally loved." (page 160). The climaxes at the end of the story were the deaths of Johnny and Dally. Here are quotations about the deaths: Johnny's death: "The pillow seemed to sink a little, and Johnny died." (page 157). Dally's death: "He was jerked half around by the impact of the bullets, then slowly crumpled with a look of grim triumph on his face. He was dead before he hit the ground." (page 162). To conclude I can say that the plot development was simple and easy to understand and to follow. The author organized it in a way that fits the actual content of the plot. Character Development The characters in the book, "The Outsiders" by S.E. Hinton, were not very heroic-they were just humans-it was easy to believe that this is the way they should be. The characters in the plot give the reader a feeling this can be a true story. The author has created the personality of the characters through the descriptions of Ponyboy-the narrator-and through their actions. Following are some examples of these methods of getting familiar with a character. Here is an example for a description of Ponyboy: "Steve Randle was seventeen, tall and lean, with thick greasy hair he kept combed in complicated swirls. He was cocky, smart, and Soda's best buddy since grade school. Steve's specialty was cars..." (page 17). The reader can find this kind of descriptions almost everywhere in the story, but especially in the beginning. I think the author put them there because the reader does not know the characters, and he needs to get familiar with them. The descriptions make the reader know the characters better and understand their actions. A good example of an action that was taken and suggested something about a character is the way Dally was killed. He wanted the police to kill him, so he robbed a store, and the police officers shoot him.

Four Types of Control Mechanisms Essays

Four Types of Control Mechanisms Essays Four Types of Control Mechanisms Essay Four Types of Control Mechanisms Essay Four Types of Control Mechanisms Control mechanisms are used to monitor progress and evaluate performance. System control, Bureaucratic control, Market control, and Clan control are all mechanisms that Target use to operate at peak performance. System control uses a set of procedures designed and established to check or regulate a resource or system. Bureaucratic control consists of formal rules and regulations that establish authority. It also set standards and regulate employee behavior through rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, written documentation, reward systems, and other formal mechanisms used to also influence employee performance. Examples of the bureaucratic control system could be audits or Code of Business Conducts. Market control adjusts activities by analyzing the competition, analyzing profit and loss and converting economic information. Some examples of market control would be cash flow statements, budgets, marketing research, sales analysis, etc. Clan control, the opposite of bureaucratic control, embodies cultural values, beliefs, corporate culture, shared values, traditions, professional standards and even informal relationships to aid the reaching of organizational goals and control behavior. A few examples of clan control would be dress styles and work hours. A real life example can be seen with the success of Japanese firms recently which American corporations began to take note of and even emulate. Because Japanese firms operate more like families because of their shared values, they were able to work with a more team centered approach and address problems as a team thus, becoming successful in global businesses. The importance of clan control can however, be underestimated since the control is â€Å"invisible†. :

HND Managing People Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HND Managing People - Assignment Example Let me explain why. Probably due to the pressures in the industry and due to the aspiration of the company to gain competitive edge over its competitors, Bankco enforced culture shift from being operation-oriented to sales-oriented company. With the introduction of advanced technological developments to the organisation that considerably improves productivity, computers and other state-of-the-art gadgets have replaced huge numbers of labourers. The implementation of modern business strategies and techniques also contributed to the considerable downsizing of its labour force. Because of the implementation of these two innovations, Bankco's has been restructured from 7 regions and 54 districts to 3 regions and 21 areas. This culture shift requires a collateral implementation of enhanced training strategies for the remaining employees to improve their skills in using computers and other technological devices to become more productive. Bankco's upper management realised the necessity of this move. It then increased the company's budget on training and development, which is a good move. We are now seeing Bankco as a company that is really serious in infusing technological developments in its operations. However, I believe that this move prematurely done since the HR department has not made any preparatory moves that will introduce the change into the organisation. Instead of orienting the managers and staff on the impending changes in the company first, what the HR department did was to assert the training methods that it deems fit for the organisation without any initial consultation. What resulted was a conflict of views regarding the appropriate training and learning methods. In the HR department's standpoint; interactive, modular, and computer-based learning methods are more effective training methods. According to the HR department it is the individual who would actively seek to further his or her own development and would take responsibility for this. Bankco's HR Department's philosophy with when it comes to learning is that the desire for learning comes from one's own initiative. What the whole organisation, must do is "to move to a situation where it is not the business tra ining the staff, but it is the business providing opportunities within which the staff can learn and grow.' On the other hand, experiential, on-the-job, practical learning coupled with regular courses and traditional teaching methods that engender the 'back-to-school' effect are the methods favoured by the managers. For them, it is the experiences not the simulated realities found in training that will improve learning. "Individuals learn," they say, 'by absorbing information, by making it interesting, relating it to real life situations, absorption involving recollection, using key words, revisions, competition, and reward in the end.' These differences in learning philosophy between HR and the managers should have been considered before implementation of new training methods took place. Despite the favourable impression of the managers on efforts of the organization in encouraging training and learning based on the evaluation of training and learning methods (a large portion of Bankco's managers believed that the organisation encouraged them to learn and to develop themselves), on a closer look, however, they considered this effort as an 'expectation' of the upper management for them to learn, to always be updated and to be prompt in responding to the new

The Structuring of the Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Structuring of the Organization - Essay Example Establishing a successful car factory in the car industry must account for prior, current and possible future trends in the car industry. Planning and implementing a project that would make it possible to realize success in operations and performance must significantly counter or fundamentally actualize countermeasures of the possible problems that the car factory is likely to face, relative to the performance of the entire industry. In such a pursuit, leadership must be critically positioned in every aspect of the industry in order to minimize problem effects and enhance the success of the business. There are variant problems that the car factory would face in the industry, but leadership should be availed to combat all underlying problems. Different industries across the globe are characterized by stiff competition between the firms that make up such industries. Business enterprises within the industry setting engage each other in stiff competition for a significant market share that favors the continuity of the business aspects of every single enterprise (Robbins, Judge & Sanghi, 2009, p.218). The competitive advantage of a firm is determined by a number of factors, all of which are influential in the market. The objective to satisfy consumer needs is relative to product qualities and pricing policies. Consumer tastes and preferences must also be accounted for in the competition process since the ultimate concern is to be in business by engaging consumers to buy. High competition in the car industry is a problem due to the already established businesses in the same line. Existing firms are often preventative of the market, and they try to make the environment unfavorable for new entrants. Setting up a car factory cannot fail to consider this aspect of competition. In order to effectively tackle high competition problems, leadership practices etc.

The Oak and the Elm Tree Essay Example for Free

The Oak and the Elm Tree Essay Narrowing this vast amount of species down to the most widespread of the broadleaved trees would be the mighty oak and will be compared with the American elm for their beauty. In nature, the oaks hold their own well in competition with the other trees. The oak is a large tree growing to heights of thirty-five to one hundred feet tall. Their leaves are of the most dramatic in shape, which are described as being pinnately veined and pinnately lobed. Meaning the main vein runs through the leaf to its tip and smaller veins branch out, also having deep wavy outline indentations which extend half way or more to the midrib, giving it a hand-like feature. In contrast, the American elm is also a large tree that grows to a height of forty to ninety feet tall and has a simple, short oval shaped leaf that is saw-toothed and lopsided at the base. The trunk of both trees is described as being similar in most ways, thick and covered with furrowed gray bark. The trunks grow lateral with broad branches opening up into a beautiful crown. In time, these dome-headed trees will spread its branches needing a lot of growing space for the canopy. The beauty of the oak tree gives way as it sways in a gentle breeze and flutters its leaves as if waving a happy welcome to anyone who may pass. The elm tree swaying in the same breeze illustrates a simple flat wave. A tree isn’t just for a season; it is for life. The quality of life for these trees depends on the care they might receive. To grow, a tree needs a period of more than two months each year without frost; some need certain soil conditions, and plenty of water and light. The normal age span of trees is different for each species. An average oak tree may take as many as on hundred years to mature and may live for as long as four hundred fifty years, whereas, some elms live more that on hundred fifty years. Both the oak and elm trees are deciduous, meaning they shed their leaves. All deciduous trees are broad-leaved. One of the most appealing aspects of deciduous trees is their signaling of fall by the changing color of their leaves. The oak has rich leaf color that change during the fall from the many shades of green to red, orange, yellow, purple, and every imaginable tint. The simple on-step change of the elm leaves turn from a glossy green to yellow in the fall. Both trees loose their leaves completely and go dormant during the winter months. Diseases endanger each species of trees. The gypsy moth favors the oak leaves, the caterpillars dine on the foliage. â€Å"But scientists have counterattacked with a variety of weapons†¦pesticides, insect-eating birds, and even processed scents called pheromones, which lure insects into traps† (Page 117). One of importance is a wasp that preys on the gypsy moth caterpillar. The wasp lay their eggs on the skin of the caterpillar and when the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on their host, and kill them in the process. Elm bark beetles spread Dutch elm disease from tree to tree. â€Å"It is a potentially very dangerous and fatal disease to which all of our native elms are highly susceptible† (Grimm 191). The beetles attack the living tree and form tunnels under the bark and the adult carries the spores of the disease from tree to tree. Affected trees show sever wilting and yellowing of the leaves on one or several branches, especially during periods of dry weather. There is no effective chemical treatment. Pruning and burning out affected branches are most effective. In many cases it is disease that shortens a tree’s life. Trees are the source of materials we need for many everyday purposes. The strong wood of the oak has a beautiful grain. An important use of oak is for lumber, but also has other uses such as furniture, flooring, paneling, barrels, railroad ties, and ship keels. Some of the oak species contain tannin, found in the wood and the bark, and is used for preparing leather. Some oaks are grown for landscaping in personal gardens to provide shade and to show off their natural beauty. The oaks acorns are an important source of food for wildlife. The elm also has been used for many sources of everyday uses. The wood of the elm is tough, hard, and does not split easily. It is used for making barrels, farm tools, fence post, hockey sticks, furniture, and boats. Elms are used in landscaping too. They are planted along streets and in parks. Trees provide us with oxygen, lumber, and among other things, fuel, to heat our homes. Trees have also provided young children with hours of fun while climbing and exploring the world above ground. Trees provide a place to build clubhouses, tree houses, or a comfortable branch to read a book. In Oregon, a family vacation might include a few nights stay â€Å"in one of twenty tree houses created by Michael Garnier at Out’n’About Treesort† (Nolan6). If trees could talk, our American history might have to or could be rewritten. Under these trees, agreements and treaties have been made. A historic tree in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, shades union soldiers graves. â€Å"The mighty limbs of the Treaty Oak in Jacksonville, Florida, are said to have sheltered natives and settlers during peace treaty talks† (Brown 6). Various species of trees have played an important public role as the center for meetings. â€Å"The Washington Elm, under which George Washington assumed command of the Continental Army in 1775, remained standing for many years in Cambridge, Massachusetts† (Jonas 186). Much of the nation’s history lives in thousands of trees, and we might be touching history and not even realize it. Again, trees enter into the lives of us all. It could be the piece of furniture we sit on, a tree planted in a yard for shade, or the oxygen we breath, but most of all, the beauty a tree provides in our outdoor surroundings.

Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on Operating Performance

Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on Operating Performance Chapter-1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction Along with boosting their own profits, businesses create gains for their shareholders and exist to serve customers. According to Ghosh and Das (2003) these aims can be achieved a) by reducing costs since this increases competitiveness and market share and so wins over more customers, b) by capturing wider markets through offering an increased range of products and services, c) by undertaking diversification operations, and d) by undertaking mergers to grow the company inorganically. Mergers and acquisitions (MAs) are suggested as measures to revive failing companies and as strategic tools. Conducive to strategic alliances and mergers in an increasingly competitive business environment are global economies, favorable policies and incentives, relaxed rules, and liberalization. New products, diversification, RD etc.have also been included as critical factors when businesses scale up operations and responsibilities along with increased roles in world economies as has been noted by Yadav and Kumar (2005). Due to brand building and PR exercises, a few MA deals may have taken place as pointed out by Malatesta (1983) and Roll (1986). One fact prevalent across numerous sectors relates to an increase in MA competence levels and competitiveness. Corporations involved in MA deals around the worldconsistAir France and KLM in the airlines sector, Daimler-Benz and Chrysler in the automobilesector, and SBC and ATT in the telecom domain. A lot of research on shareholder gains in the event of an MA exists today. When word gets out that an MA is imminent, the stock prices of both companies goes up tremendously and favorably impacts shareholder value. As the nature of the market reports why details of impending mergers are not leaked and could lead to stock crashes affecting prices many reasons are there. While MAs may lead to healthier bottom lines and improved cash flows as felt by most business managers, however, to the shareholders, some mergers and acquisitions may be loss making enterprises which are of no use. So to generalize that MAs always result in favorable circumstances for the shareholders is not always true. Due to the fact that in terms of synergy, expertise, and objectives, the companies do not match up some mergers may not be effective. If the following are not aligned correctly i.e. asset allocation, resources, and core strengths and if through a planned integrated approach, care is not taken to fuse the two companies into one then, along with an expose of operating weaknesses, share value can fall. This may lead to erosion and drying up of capital.The failures in MA deals are placed at over 60% as estimated by Schweiger (2003). 1.2 Background of the study Through the economic activities across Europe and the world it is clear that FDI activity has risen over the past decade. In addition, the merger and investment acquisition mode has risen sharply and as a percentage of all FDO risen as noted by Lipsey (2002). From 1995-2001 the Global Wave has been labeled as the most recent merger wave by Jobanovic and Rousseau (2002), through an emphasis on their importance and a move to more cross-border mergers. According to Jovanovis and Rousseau in the EU in 2000-2001, about 40% of all mergers occurred through cross-border deals and from 1991-2000 these deals accounted for about 100% of the total number of mergers in the EU. According to the EC (2001), to make acquisitions for euro-zone companies becomes easier by increased financial markets integration. Among the EU nations, a rapidly increasing number of cross-border MA were contributed to by an active market for corporate control given the boom of the 1990s. Similar to Ueng and Ojahsresearch (1998) the FDI wealth effects investigation the effects of these integrating transactions on form shareholders using methods are examined in this study. In the EU nations, the merger analysis and acquisition activity is warranted certainly as suggested by the importance of the international business community and increased activity. In the EU,of the integration process, a significant piece is owed to cross-border mergers and more than others, the benefits have filtered in to some countries. Therefore, it is important to understand who has gained or lost, and why. Instead of the individual states of the United States (US), the EU nations have greater political disparity. This would seem to imply that across the US the nations across EU are of greater importance in a level playing field in the business community. Within the US however, instead of a similar study of interstate transactions, this key factor makes this study much more interesting. 1.3 Statement of the problem In terms of markets, resources, technology, money, or skills, mergers have a high chance of taking place in terms of the size of the top managements of two similar companies and when they are evenly matched to register and contribute to the merger as observed by Samuel and colleagues (1990). Between equals, these mergers are mergers and generally, when the existing companies do not function as an entity anymore, they are complete and a new structure is created to merge the assets and resources of both the companies. The new companys shares are then redistributed among both the companies shareholders. In another scenario, giving them a majority shareholding by buying a large percentage of their shares, a company may acquire another company and become the new owners. This is termed an acquisition and the company acquired is merged into the existing business of the company. The target ceases to be an independent entity legally. Along with trading on the stock exchanges the shares of the acquiring company still exist. 1.7 Significance of the study In the industry involved the three big entities Lloyds TSB and HBOS have special significance as their merger provesthrough the rationale behind this topic.This merger sought to create the largest steel company and this leaves much scope for research. 1.8 Possible contribution to knowledge Based on the home country of the target and the acquiring firms, there are differentials in the average wealth effects of cross-border mergers and a study of this is the possible contribution of this research. From the EU averages it is clear that several EU nations differ significantly, which would imply that from cross-border mergers than those in other countries the owners i.e. shareholders of firms in particular countries stand to benefit more. Why these differences exist, the research continues to explain empirically and this is beyond showing that such country-specific differences exist. In Europe, by examining a small sample of cross-border mergers, it is evident that these findings are not unique to the EU. 1.9 Limitations of the study The research deals with a specific industry and that is the key limitation of the study. Hence, the implications of this study cannot be applied as every industry has its own conceptualization with regard to the effects of mergers and acquisitions. The country-specific nature is the other limitation, since these organizationswork within individual financial environments pertinent to these countries. 1.3. Purpose of the research and aims What is the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the operating performance of the firm? Objectives of the Research To critically analyze the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the operating performance of the firm in India. To strategically evaluate the impact on shareholders wealth post-MA. 1.4. Structure of the rest of the report Chapter 1- Introduction: Chapter one is the Introduction which will cover the brief aspects about mergers and acquisitions. Chapter 2- Literature Review: Chapter Two will dealwith Literature Review which will draw theoretical underpinnings on the subject area of the research. Chapter-3-Conceptual Framework: Chapter Three will discuss the Indian Banking Industry with the perspective of MAs. Chapter 4- Research Methodology: Chapter Four will be on Research Methodology and Process which will cover the process which is adopted by the researcher for conducting the research. Chapter 5-Data Findings and Analysis: Chapter Five will be on Data Findings and Analysis which will cover broadly the sectors which are involved in the mergers and acquisitions. Chapter 6- Conclusion: Chapter Six will be the Conclusion which will specify the way the entire research has been conducted and the end result of the same. Topic: A study of recent mergers and acquisitions in India and their impact on the operating performance and shareholder wealth: An analysis Banking Industry. Chapter-2: Literature Review 2.1. Introduction Investigators have been analyzing amalgamations and takeovers in the context of their characteristics and the impact on the development of both the entities over the past several years. In actuality, Weston et al. (2004) opine that the experts and researchers in the field have provided a large quantity of records related to the topic. There are many reasons why companies follow development policies related to amalgamations and takeovers. This permits rapid acceleration in addition to having a quick and instant approach to markets, both local and international. It is also likely to touch renowned brands, apply knowledge and skill, and widen the dimension and extent without losing time. In the sphere related to real estate, a participant (real estate firm) may want to promote a mutual organization for funding ventureson an individual basis. It may also consider entering into a joint venture with a construction enterprise in the domestic market so as to execute the venture as per assure d measurements and highlighted conditions as stated by Jensen (2006). Clients are reassured when they involve themselves with big enterprises, which have a great degree of brand reputation and remembrance. During these times, they articulate their backing, not merely as clients but also as financers as they buy stakes so as to invest money in the enterprise. It also possible for a company to advance by augmenting returns or managing expenses which in turn can be attained by reorganizing and reconfiguring finances apart from using creative methods and reengineering. Some enterprises may also purchase brands, goods, and utilities to expand the goods portfolio of the enterprise. The capability of an enterprise to undertake a development policy by reallocating its resources in creating different facets of its presence was maintained by Hogarty (2000). This could be denoted by its production unit, RD, and through creating and promoting its brands and setting up more projects in parallel or varied spheres. Firms may also purchase extant enterprises or amalgamate with others to attain their objectives. Amalgamations and takeovers assist in accelerating development as the roles pertaining to infrastructure, branding, and manufacturing are clearly set up. Superior mediums which endorse development comprise of contracts, treaties, and agreements for varied ventures for a pre-determined time. All across the world, international corporates and enterprises are entering into purchases of and amalgamations with new firms, forming joint ventures and such equivalent associations on a common basis. Nearly fifty percent of the contracts pertaining to amalgamations and takeovers in India have been initiated by global enterprises. In 2005 alone, India witnessed global contracts of around 58 percent, a number which was double compared to Japans agreements at 21 percent. Internationally, amalgamations and takeovers entail dogmatic frameworks particular to a specific nation and the labor unions of the enterprises. Post the 1990s, economic revolutions have been occurring globally and this has seen a growing attraction for amalgamations and takeovers. The financial segment witnessed a newness which saw modifications being made to possession and trade regulations, an increase in the disposable earnings and as a result, the capacity to discover newer marketplaces and newer chances. Firms are now fully utilizing the reduced interest rates and cost of capital. This has assisted several enterprises in broadening their scope of operations at the domestic and global levels through partnerships, associations, amalgamations, and takeovers. Additionally, the presence of many global media enterprises which publish information pertaining to contracts and partnerships on a large extentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ particularly in segments related to production, cars, retail and others. On the other hand, it is extremely crucial for companies to ensure specific advisory metrics before they perform their functions related to amalgamations and takeovers, especially in huge markets which have not been discovered. Amalgamations and takeovers also have the ability to shift the stakeholder worth affirmatively or adversely, which may result in a scenario, which eats away into the prosperity. When local takeovers in addition to global amalgamations get transformed into deficit-making and zero-worth developing patterns, all of these experience impediments. When stakeholders are not going to benefit from such projects, the costs of shares decline and thus, such agreements must consider all the primary essentials before opting for the linked choices. The influence of amalgamations and takeovers may be favorable or harmful to the development and this may take a long time and also be extremely costly for a total revival from an impediment. The existing segment also highlights the investigations and examinations undertaken on the topic by analysts. One needs to have sufficient data evaluation and also conduct hypothetical tests while assessing the influence of amalgamations and takeovers. Adequate links should also be deduced to comprehend the reason and impact correlations in amalgamations and takeovers in context to the criteria such as development of trade, stakeholder worth, productivity, and general performance. As the current study is linked to the influence of international amalgamations and takeovers, it is crucial to analyze the global amalgamations. Global partners who function from India while being based in the European Union framework have been examined depending on specific extant data. Additionally, domestic amalgamations and takeovers have also been analyzed. 2.2. Theoretical Background: Mergers Acquisitions (MAs) 2.2.1. Definition Amalgamations and takeovers can be superiorly comprehended as development polices to enhance the income of the enterprise and also, its capital foundation. Sometimes, for two enterprises, with similar or dissimilar trade functions, to amalgamate on specific ranks is a superior trade choice. An amalgamation of this type assists in imparting a blend of experience and finances. A commercial amalgamation of this type functions as a solitary body between edifying impacts and worth values of a commercial amalgamation and takeover (Jensen and Ruback, 2003). Though the phrases amalgamations and takeovers are frequently employed collectively, they are two extremely varied procedures. Amalgamations describe the merging of two different enterprises into a single entity. The two enterprises join each other, and shift all their resources and functions into a new one. This procedure includes the merging of all types of resourcesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ employees, manufacturing facilities, and functions into the new entity that is shaped. The new entity shaped out of this has its individual distinctiveness, edifying representation, and groups of convictions. It is pointless to state that they are possessed by both the parties which share their resources to develop the new identity (Huang and Walkling, 2007). A takeover is considered as the purchasing-out procedure of an enterprise by another with the goal to stimulate management of its assets, investments, and functions. Takeovers occur when a firm purchases a major share of another firms stakes, assets, and liabilities (Weston et al., 2004). Firms experience a supplementary benefit when this occurs as they get the management apart from the functioning assets, in contrast to when they purchase merely the stakes, in which scenario they have to only compete with the other shareholders. Purchasing assets includes more expenses and offers an extensive capital foundation (Singal, 2006). Now let us consider acquisitions. This phrase also has been employed for many perspectives and is understood also. Takeover is a vague expression and though it may denote a context similar to acquisitions; the two are actually varied types of trade agreements (Jensen, 2006). A takeover is when a purchase is conducted without acquiesce or permission of the ente rprise being taken over. Takeovers come with an adverse action that entails the attaining of another firm with the intent to manage it. When an enterprise desires to take over another firm, it tries to purchase all its shareholders. Takeovers are the ones which do not have the approval of the firm being purchased and they are often nearly undertaken as a hostile proposal. This now clearly explains the different expressions and implications attached to amalgamations, acquisitions, takeovers, partnerships, and associations and how their context is based in the situation in which they are being applied. 2.2.2. Types of Mergers Acquisitions Mergers can occur at parallel, perpendicular, or multinational levels. Each kind of amalgamation has not only its own typical characteristics but also a distinct impact on the work processes and trade functions. Horizontal Mergers When two enterprises or enterprises that have parallel trades, which amalgamate to develop an entirely novel trade enterprise, it is known as a parallel merger. The enterprises which enter into a parallel amalgamation combine their assets as individual enterprises to shape a novel entity. These enterprises are thus capable of making a more robust enterprise which has a wider capital base and greater resources. The rationale behind this is to acquire a larger market share and become a dominant force in the market (Shleifer and Vishny, 2009). Such parallel amalgamations provide several benefits. They enable larger presence and greater range in addition to optimal performance ability to the novel entity. The two previously distinct entities now have the benefit of augmented resources capable of executing procedures in a superior method to ensure consistent supply of goods, which are of much better quality (Mitchell and Mulherin, 2006). Even in India there are a few instances of parallel amalgamations, for instance, the amalgamation between Indian carriers which occurred between Lufthansa and Swiss International apart from Air France and KLM (Bottazzi et al., 2001). The United Kingdom (UK) has witnessed several parallel amalgamations. In reality, the results of several investigations have depicted that nearly 60 percent of all amalgamation agreements which have occurred post-2001 have been parallel amalgamations (Firth, 2000). The same notion is also put forth by Berndt (2001). He also states that most of the amalgamations which happened post-deregulation and liberalization of the economy were parallel in character. Another instance of a parallel amalgamation like the one ofBirla Cement and Larsen Toubro (LT) is related to the cement sector. Additionally, the amalgamation ofKingfisher Airlines and Air Deccan in addition to the one between Jet Airways and Air Sahara depict parallel amalgamations in the airlines sector. The Tatas and the Birlas are two huge corporate entities, which have amalgamated in the telecommunications sector. Vertical Mergers A perpendicular amalgamation is one in which enterprises which are elements in a supply chain or which function as utility suppliers or subsidies in the equivalent type of trade resolve to become one entity. It is noticed that such amalgamations occur when firms resolve to augment their forte in the supply aspect (Agrawal et al., 2002). Perpendicular amalgamations manage to keep rivals away by maintaining stress and managing their supply firms. The perpendicular amalgamation is thus capable of seizing a bigger market share for their goods while the supply group fails to back the goods of other contenders. This plan assists the enterprises to closely react to their clients needs. The element pertaining to the rivals is capable of keeping the prices from rising as the supplies are not reimbursed for (leanmergers.com). Logically, the outcome of this action is an extremely robust management and more revenues as the firms attain an upper hand over their contenders. An instance of perpendicular amalgamation is the one between Ford and Vauxhall who are car producers, who have acquired or purchased automobile enterprises. When Ford purchased Hertz, it was an instance of a perpendicular amalgamation (Loughran and Vijh, 2007). Another example of a perpendicular amalgamation in the telecommunication industry is that of Reliance Communication Ltds purchase of Flag Telecom. Conglomerate Mergers Multinational amalgamations occur amongst two entirely varied enterprises. Such enterprises are participants at distinct degrees and have no equivalents in the good variety, markets, clients, supply chain, or any other criterion. Multinational amalgamations occur amongst such enterprises and a novel association is shaped in addition to new trade contracts. Multinational amalgamations show only one line of power or authorization, which manages the trade functions from a solitary aspect of knowledge, resources, client power, and market experience which guarantee enhanced trade after the multinational trade which occurred before (Asquith et al., 2003). Multinational amalgamations are executed so as to diffuse the dangers over an extensive base and thus avoid any chief impediment for the enterprise (Huang and Walkling, 2007). Financial Acquisitions Monetary attainments are related to the capital and fiscal aspect of trade plans such as Management Buyouts (MBOs) or Leveraged Buyouts (LBOs). Such purchases are not considered in the same context as amalgamations and takeovers (Travos, 2007). 2.2. Stimulus for Amalgamations A large chance to develop the value of mergers is when incentives for the same are anticipated or envisaged by investors. Investigators such as Asquith et al. (2003), Agrawal et al. (2002), and AndrÃÆ' © et al. (2004) have developed comprehensive data related to the topic pertaining to the incentives for mergers. Mergers must be discouraged by varied reasons such as a superior geographic market, varied economies, superior capabilities and price efficient conduct, widening of the trade, the synergy incorporated, and shifting assets to superior administrators so as to maximize the assets and create superior results, which is the chief objective. It has been proved that mergers and amalgamations are distinctive mediums related to financing in the context of advancement by many investigators. The chief idea or objective behind attaining a profitable investment would be important, particularly if such a concept is considered. In the event of the presence of incentives such as professions or sometimes pure respect improvement occurrences, the possibilities of investments becoming valuable, particularly when there are totally varied incentives for the varied enterprise to triumph and create the line of business. In the event of mergers, at the point when the primary incentive shapes the real advantageous investment, one has to consider the reason why the merger may seem to be priceless. A primary reason may be the lack of the expanding capability to access an unexploited market. One may anticipate a merger so as to achieve these objectives in an effortless manner (Gugler et al., 2003). For a triumphant merger, one should ascertain aspects of robust revenues and synergies. The focus in this matter should also lie on comprehending the incentives for cross-border mergers. It is noticed that dissimilar to domestic mergers for cross-border mergers, one needs to develop an incentive evaluation (Conn et al., 2001). The FDI incentives would resort to internalization, ownership, and position advantages as good instances as mentioned by Moeller et al. (2004). In the context of cross-border mergers, a merger is not likely to have unique ownership advantages. On the other hand, locational advantages may be unclear. Thus, in lieu of purchasing an enterprise in a totally varied geographical market, there are many idea-procedures which happen constantly. The majority of crucial internalization advantages in the instance of cross-border mergers are when products are sold overseas by one nation to another. In the event of the incentives, the OLI framework provides a backdrop for the objective of cross-border mergers, but other factors are also very crucial. It is considered by Chen and Findley (2002) that there is a speed if the retrieval to international markets since those from Greenfield investment cannot be equaled. By the end of the initial ten years of the 21st century, the waves in mergers were analyzed by Danzon et al. (2004). This was later referred to as the Cross Border wave. In contrast to other waves of the century, Evenett explained the trends of the merger wave to be distinct. The utility segment displays how the merger wave comprises of more mergers since specific elements had become components of the Cross Border and more so, with the liberalization effects in addition to the industrial monetary facet, this has additionally intensified privatization. There had to be a greater milieu to assist cross-border mergers. With the chief investment, the incentives had to be linked to the dogmatic surrounding to guarantee an element of the merger wave as depicted by Evenett. For other such grounds, cross-border mergers rise as depicted by Nicholson and McCullough (2002). When the researcher has to handle the theoretical information pertaining to mergers, he tries to present an expansive literature for better understanding. In the context of mergers, a maximized direct policy contention seems to be the most superior and is accountable for the impact of the mergers. A reasonable facet of the investigation discusses how both, markets and clients in the market commence many types of mergers. There has also been a theoretical investigation relating to ideas such as benefit predictions, envisaged variations in the outlays, diversified and varied quantum, in addition to who will eventually gain or lose on account of mergers. These theoretical investigations found their crux in oligopoly markets. Oligopoly markets have been the only crucial markets to utilize the rationale behind mergers opine Conn et al. (2001). So as to manage such market situations, a firm which enjoys a monopoly generally cannot enter into a merger. In a merger of firms, there would be no impact on the market outcomes. In varied production scenarios, the strengths of demand and cost in varied types of oligopoly markets function in different ways while the emphasis of the literature is on studying mergers. 2.3. Cross-Frontier There are several literatures which pertain to theories related to mergers. In reality, none of these literatures actually differentiate that in the management of international merger procedures there must be variations. To achieve cross-border mergers several simultaneous investigations have been undertaken, which complement that there are several literatures dealing with the impacts of these mergers. In terms of globalization, it relies so this is a close expansion and additionally it fulfills international economy apart from varied types of market endeavours to expand international firms of their functions. With consistent methods related to cross-border mergers there is relevant contention for the perusal of Indianization of different segments as described by Ozawa (2002). On account of the absence of attempts in merging administrative techniques, business is the driving aspect behind communication and culture which is why different cross-border mergers were unsuccessful states F inkelstein (2009). Every type of merger is impacted by these matters instead of cross-border agreements which may be dominant. A further peril is that cross-border contracts are entered into merely to gain benefits. To regard the facets of wondering literature there are subjects and anxieties in context of the methods which incorporate cross-border mergers that have been completed. For cross-border mergers, informative differences are real in the hypothetical model facet as stated by Estrin (2009). In the process of achieving merger benefits, jargon, cultural problems, and official systems are cited as types of primary obstacles. The capabilities to draw attention of skills from other enterprises have been provided to differences useful influence procedures, attainment of communal mergers in firms and the particular speed. Generally, between the links amongst the merging methods of firms informative differences are the source of distrust, to which the triumph can be impeded by the communication matters. There is no clear theoretical model on the other hand, which is related to the impediments which harm the efficiency; despite it being a hypothetical exemplar. In contrast to domestic mergers, for a successful cross-border merger, however, this proves that the closer the facets, the more the obstacles, and these are limited to specific countries since many of th ese obstacles are linked to the regulatory and informative systems prevalent there. According to the origin of enterprises in context to the obstacles,there exist behavioral national variations which need to be expected and depend on the country. By being a source of synergy, informative differences can enhance merger ability in addition to generating benefits as opined by Fama (2009). However, impediments can be built by this, for expanded manner of spreading that is more possible. Instead of any of the domestic mergers participating in cross-border mergers as to gain more useful outlooks for the firms a theoretical exemplar method has been developed by Bjorvatn (2001) for the profit of handling cross-border mergers. By allowing varied mediums of entry in addition to cross-border mergers and for assessing and impacting triumph of cross-border mergers in addition to assessing entry outlays these are the primary variables, he employed to follow Fama (2001). Greenfield investment has been shifted into avenues which are minimally attractive by entry outlays, by methods using cross-border mergers augmented to the degree of revenue. On the other hand, in that market for achieving success as expected facets domestic mergers are regarded to be linked to a rise in the entry expenses. In contrast to the domestic ones in envisaging cross-border mergers success focus on hesitancy which is the outcome in this scenario. While choosing the expected outputs in addition to the entry outlays, the cross-border mergers can also provide access benefits to the distinctive market. In this regard, for both domestic and cross-border mergers, there is present, a theoretical merger literature. In terms of price uncertainty and demand exemplar depending on the matter of the doubt as put forth by Das and Sengupta (2001) both in domestic and cross-border mergers is the correct method. 2.4. Experiential Study MAs are expansion strategies that corporates adopt to increase scale and market share rapidly. They are also used to diversify business interests or acquire technological capability, capital, expertise, or enter new markets. From the business perspective, growth is seen in terms of capital, profits, and shareholder value, operations become more efficient, and busin

Native Americans Essay

Squanto:  ·Was sold into slavery  ·Wampanoag  ·Translator, not a cheif  ·Was a schemer  ·Friendy towards europeans/whites  ·Joined the pilgram community  ·A Patuxet  ·Belonged to the Wampanoag tribe  ·Dies in his late 30s Pwwhatan:  ·Chief  ·Wanted what was best for his tribe  ·Did not like europeans/whites  ·Agressive  ·Stood his ground  ·Died in his late 70s Similarities:  ·Both were Native Americans Compare and Contrast Chart: Native American Tribes Tribe #1: Kickapoo Government: All Kickapoo followed the traditional division of labor, placing hunting activities and protection of the village or camp in the charge of men who also cleared new feilds for planting. Women were mainly responsible for gathering wild plant foods, planting and tending crops, building houses, cooking, and child care. On large hunting campaigns, everyone helped, the women processed the meat and later the hides of the animals that the men killed. Economy: Practiced hunting and gathering, mainly deer and bison as well as other game. Wild plants and nuts were supplemented by the maize, beans, and pumpkins they planted in the spring. The Kickapoo became involved in the fur trade and later delt with other goods as well, after comming in contact with the Europeans. The Kickapoo were ultimately becoming known as shrewd traders. Religion: Belief in spirit messengers. The supreme deity is Kisiihiat, who created the world and resides in the sky. Culture: The culture hero, Wiaaka, the son of Kisiihiat, who created the Indian world and taught the Kickapoo to build their houses, which are vital elements to the Kickapoo religion. Religious practice is organized around sacred bundles for clans and herbal societies. Tribe #2: Wampanoag Government: The Wampanoag had a matrilineal system, in which women controlled property and hereditary ststus was passed though the maternal line. Female elders approved selection of chiefs or sachems, although males had most of the political roles for relations between tribes and warfare. The Wampanoag were organized into a confederation, where head sachem/political leader presided over a number of other sachems. Economy: The Wampanoag had a traditional economy based on fishing and agriculture. Religion: The Wampanoag’s religion was called Spiritualism. They thanked Mother Earth, animals, plants, birds, fish, and all living things for the gifts they gave to the Wampanoag. Women were the spiritual leaders of their households. One of the religious holidays the Wampanoag celebrated was the Wampanoag New Year. This celebration took place in the spring. The Wampanoag also prayed in the spring when they planted seeds. Culture: The Wampanoag originally spoke a dialect of the Massachusett-Wampanoag language, which belongs to the Algonquian language family.

American Films and Backhoe Operators Essay

Analysis Jim worked as a laborer for a gas utility in Winnipeg, Manitoba. When the opportunity came to apply for a backhoe/front-end-loader operator job, he was excited. Three people applied. To select the one who would get the job, the company asked each of them to go out and actually work on the backhoe for a day. Jim felt his chance for the job disappear because he had never even driven a tractor, let alone used a backhoe. When he went out, he did not know how to start the tractor. One of the other backhoe operators had to show him. He managed through the day, and to his surprise, did better than the others. He was given the job. On his first day at the new job, one of the other backhoe operators showed him where to check the hydraulic fluid and said, â€Å"These old Masseys are foolproof. You will be okay. † Jim taught himself how to dig a hole by trial and error. He initially believed that the best way was to fill the bucket as much as possible before lifting it out of the hole and emptying it. He would wiggle the bucket back and forth until it was submerged and then curl it. When it came out of the hole, the earth would be falling off the sides. This job was not so difficult after all, he thought. He cut through his first water line about two weeks after starting his new job. Going into a deep, muddy hole did not make the crew happy. After Jim cut through his third water line, the crew chief pulled him aside and said, â€Å"You are taking too much earth out with each bucket, so you don’t feel the bucket hitting the water line; ease up a bit. Water lines were usually six to eight feet down, so Jim would dig until about four feet and then try to be more careful. It was then that he pulled up some telephone lines that were only about three feet deep. Realizing that more was involved in operating a backhoe than he first had thought, he sought out Bill Granger, who was known to have broken a water line only twice in his 15 years. It was said that he was so good that he could dig underneath the gas lines—a claim that Jim doubted. Bill said, â€Å"You need to be able to feel any restriction. The way to do that is to have more than one of your levers open at the same time. Operating the bucket lever and the boom lever at the same time reduces the power and causes the machine to stop rather than cut through a line of any type. † Jim began to use this method but still broke water lines. The difference now was that he knew immediately when he broke a line. He could feel the extra pull, whereas in the past, he found out either by seeing water gushing up or by hearing the crew chief swearing at him. He was getting better. Jim never did become as good as Bill Granger. In fact, two years later, he applied for another job as gas repairperson and was promoted, but the training as a gas repairperson was not much better. Case Questions 1. What are the potential costs to this lack of training? Why do you think the company operated in this manner? 2. What type of training would you recommend: OJT, classroom, or a combination? Describe what the training might entail. 3. What type of training environment would you provide? 4. Who would you get to do the training, and why? 5. Would you consider purchasing a training program for backhoe operators? Provide your rationale.

The Countries of the World in French

The Countries of the World in French Learning the French names for countries is relatively easy if you are already familiar with the name in English. In most instances, the translation is as simple as attaching something like  -ique  or  -ie  to the end of the name.  That means that this a very easy French lesson which students of any level can learn. Les Pays en Franà §ais Below is a list of virtually all of the countries in the world, organized alphabetically from English to French. As you study geography in the French language, you will find it useful to learn how to speak about the countries and be able to use them in sentences. Remember that you need to use a definite article (the the, such as  le or  la)  for countries. Some of the countries do not have a  definite article  because they are islands. Articles are normally not used with islands. You will also need to know the gender of the country in order to use it in a preposition.  Nearly all countries that end in -e are feminine, and the rest are masculine. There are just a few exceptions: le Belizele Cambodgele Mexiquele Mozambiquele Zaà ¯rele Zimbabwe In those cases and for  countries that use  l  as the definitive article, the gender is indicated next to the name. English French Afghanistan l'Afghanistan (m) Albania l'Albanie (f) Algeria l'Algà ©rie (f) Andorra l'Andorre (f) Angola l'Angola (m) Antigua and Barbuda l'Antigua-et-Barbuda (f) Argentina l'Argentine (f) Armenia l'Armà ©nie (f) Australia l'Australie (f) Austria l'Autriche (f) Azerbaijan l'Azerbaà ¯djan (m) Bahamas les Bahamas (f) Bahrain le Bahreà ¯n Bangladesh le Bangladesh Barbados la Barbade Belarus la Bià ©lorussie Belau Belau Belgium la Belgique Belize le Belize (m) Benin le Bà ©nin Bhutan le Bhoutan Bolivia la Bolivie Bosnia la Bosnie-Herzà ©govine Botswana le Botswana Brazil le Brà ©sil Brunei le Brunà ©i Bulgaria la Bulgarie Burkina-Faso le Burkina Burma la Birmanie Burundi le Burundi Cambodia le Cambodge (m) Cameroon le Cameroun Canada (learn the provinces) le Canada Cape Verde Island le Cap-Vert Central African Republic la Rà ©publique centrafricaine Chad le Tchad Chile le Chili China la Chine Colombia la Colombie Comoro Islands les Comores (f) Congo le Congo Cook Islands les ÃŽles Cook Costa Rica le Costa Rica Cà ´te d'Ivoire la Cà ´te d'Ivoire Croatia la Croatie Cuba Cuba Cyprus Chypre (f) Czech Republic la Rà ©publique tchà ¨que Denmark le Danemark Djibouti le Djibouti Dominica la Dominique Dominican Republic la Rà ©publique dominicaine Ecuador l'Équateur (m) Egypt l'Égypte (f) El Salvador le Salvador England l'Angleterre (f) Equatorial Guinea la Guinà ©e à ©quatoriale Eritrea l'Érythrà ©e (f) Estonia l'Estonie (f) Ethiopia l'Éthiopie (f) Fiji les Fidji (f) Finland la Finlande France (learn the regions) la France French Polynesia la Polynà ©sie franà §aise Gabon le Gabon Gambia la Gambie Georgia la Gà ©orgie Germany l'Allemagne (f) Ghana le Ghana Greece la Grà ¨ce Grenada la Grenade Guatemala le Guatemala Guinea la Guinà ©e Guinea Bissau la Guinà ©e-Bissao Guyana la Guyana Haiti Haà ¯ti Honduras le Honduras Hungary la Hongrie Iceland l'Islande (f) India l'Inde (f) Indonesia l'Indonà ©sie (f) Iran l'Iran (m) Iraq l'Irak (m) Ireland l'Irlande (f) Israel Israà «l (m) Italy l'Italie (f) Jamaica la Jamaà ¯que Japan le Japon Jordan la Jordanie Kazakhstan le Kazakhstan Kenya le Kenya Kiribati Kiribati (f) Kuwait le Koweà ¯t Kyrgyzstan le Kirghizstan Laos le Laos Latvia la Lettonie Lebanon le Liban Lesotho le Lesotho Liberia le Libà ©ria Libya la Libye Liechtenstein le Liechtenstein Lithuania la Lituanie Luxembourg le Luxembourg Macedonia la Macà ©doine Madagascar Madagascar (m) Malawi le Malawi Malaysia la Malaisie Maldives les Maldives (f) Mali le Mali Malta Malte (f) Marshall Islands les ÃŽles Marshall Mauritania la Mauritanie Mauritius ÃŽle Maurice (f) Mexico le Mexique (m) Micronesia la Micronà ©sie Moldavia la Moldavie Monaco Monaco Mongolia la Mongolie Montenegro le Montà ©nà ©gro Morocco le Maroc Mozambique le Mozambique Namibia la Namibie Nauru la Nauru Nepal le Nà ©pal Netherlands les Pays-Bas New Zealand la Nouvelle-Zà ©lande Nicaragua le Nicaragua Nieu Niouà © Niger le Niger Nigeria le Nigà ©ria North Korea la Corà ©e du Nord Northern Ireland l'Irelande du Nord (f) Norway la Norvà ¨ge Oman l'Oman (m) Pakistan le Pakistan Panama le Panama Papua New Guinea la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinà ©e Paraguay le Paraguay Peru le Pà ©rou Philippines les Philippines (f) Poland la Pologne Portugal le Portugal Qatar le Qatar Romania la Roumanie Russia la Russie Rwanda le Rwanda Saint Kitts-Nevis Saint-Christophe-et-Nià ©và ¨s (m) Saint Lucia Sainte-Lucie Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines San Marino Saint-Marin Sao Tomà © and Principe Sao Tomà © et Principe (m) Saudi Arabia l'Arabie saoudite (f) Scotland l'Écosse (f) Senegal le Sà ©nà ©gal Serbia la Serbie Seychelles les Seychelles (f) Sierra Leone la Sierra Leone Slovakia la Slovaquie Slovenia la Slovà ©nie Soloman Islands les ÃŽles Salomon Somalia la Somalie South Africa l'Afrique du Sud (f) South Korea la Corà ©e du Sud Spain l'Espagne (f) Sri Lanka le Sri Lanka Sudan le Soudan Surinam le Surinam Swaziland le Swaziland Sweden la Suà ¨de Switzerland la Suisse Syria la Syrie Tajikistan le Tadjikistan Tanzania la Tanzanie Thailand la Thaà ¯lande Togo le Togo Tonga les Tonga (f) Trinidad and Tobago la Trinità ©-et-Tobago Tunisia la Tunisie Turkey la Turquie Turkmenistan le Turkmà ©nistan Tuvalu le Tuvalu Uganda l'Ouganda (m) Ukraine l'Ukraine (f) United Arab Emirates les Émirats arabes unis (m) United Kingdom le Royaume-Uni United States (learn the states) les États-Unis (m) Uruguay l'Uruguay (m) Uzbekistan l'Ouzbà ©kistan (m) Vanuatu le Vanuatu Vatican le Vatican Venezuela le Venezuela Vietnam le Vià ªt-Nam Wales le pays de Galles Western Samoa les Samoa occidentales Yemen le Yà ©men Yugoslavia la Yougoslavie Zaire (Congo) le Zaà ¯re (m) Zambia la Zambie Zimbabwe le Zimbabwe (m)

Worksheet Essays

Worksheet Essays Worksheet Essay Worksheet Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Worksheet NAME: DATE: Texts referenced: De, Bary W. T. â€Å"Source of Indian Tradition† Introduction to Oriental Civilizations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964. Print. Robb, Peter. A History of India. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, 2002. Print. Stein, Burton. â€Å"Ancient Days† A History of India. Oxford: England: Blackwell Publishers, 1998. Print. Time Period/Era Studied: 400,000-150,000 years ago 1. Of the following factors, explain WHICH ONE do you consider the most significant to the era we studied this week? WHY do you think so? WHICH historical events, circumstances, or phenomena support your choice? Economy Society Religion Politics Environment Economy: The economy was one of the most important factors towards the civilisation of India. This influenced other facets of the state such as the social structures, religion, politics and the environment. Economic conditions and activities determined the social structures, which were present in ancient India and up to date. The social structures included the division of people in terms of their social classes such as the rich or nobles and the dalits or socially inferior individuals (Stein 41). Economic activities such as pottery, agriculture and trade, defined the Indian society. The goods and products traded by the Indian communities gave definition of the community in terms of the cultural beliefs and practises. Such products included fabrics, pottery and other merchandise. This provided the communities with the ability to interact with other communities in terms of exchange of goods and other forms of trade. Additionally, this enabled the communities to exchange cultural aspects through intermarriages and other social interactions. Hence, this could explain the cultural similarities between the indicant communities and communities in the Asian region (Stein 46). 2. WHICH factor would you rate #2 in importance? In what ways does it relate to your #1 rated choice? Society: The society defined the Indian communities in terms of the cultural and social structures. It defined the Indian communities, in that the economic activities undertaken by the communities provided for classification of individuals in terms of their respective economic abilities. The rich engaged in higher levels of economic activities such as trade whereas the peasants were farmers and servants. The society was an essential aspect in the Indian communities in that it defined the social classifications based on economic and financial ability. Individuals were classified as royalty, nobles and dalits or commoners. This classification was based on cultural beliefs and practises in the Indian communities. Furthermore, the societal structures were a representation of the economic activities and religious beliefs. The religious beliefs provided for classification of individuals as a representation of the calling to serve the gods or supernatural beings in which the communities believed in (Stein 52). 3. How would these factors have impacted the daily lives of people living during that era? The economic activities undertaken by the Indian communities provided people with various means of survival. Activities such as agriculture and pottery influenced civilisation and growth of the Indian society. The trade and development of goods such as bronze and iron items was a crucial factor in the movement towards civilisation. This provided the Indian communities with the ability to engage in agriculture and increase productivity, in farming activities. Additionally, movement of goods provided the communities with the ability to interact with other communities and gain ideas such as architectural designs and trade ideas. The society was beneficial as it defined the Indian communities in the ancient period. In addition, this provided the religious beliefs, and an illustration of the basic activities such as agriculture, trade, social interactions and religious beliefs (Stein 33). 4. If you were writing a historical novel, what kind of character do you think would best represent this period in India’s history? What class status, religion, occupation, and gender would you give them, and why? In my novel, I would use a dalit as a main character. This would provide the reader with the ability to understand the basic beliefs and social structure of the Indian communities. This includes the social classifications, which were existent in the Indian community. The dalit would be a representation of the Buddhist beliefs that dalits are socially inferior individuals in the community. As a dalit, she would assume a character as a servant in royal or noble household. The dalit would be a woman to illustrate the role of women as caretakers of households, which is a traditional role. Additionally this would provide an express illustration of the existent inequality between individuals in the Indian community due to roles and classifications provided by cultural and religious beliefs. Work Cited De, Bary W. T. â€Å"Source of Indian Tradition† Introduction to Oriental Civilizations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964. Print. Robb, Peter. A History of India. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, 2002. Print. Stein, Burton. â€Å"Ancient Days† A History of India. Oxford: England: Blackwell Publishers, 1998. Print.