Assignment2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Assignment2 - Essay Example IBM New York continued with its drastic expansion into Germany with the aim of developing machines a few weeks after Adolf Hitler ascended to power. In 1933, Hitler used statisticians as his intellectual soldiers. Census departments and statistical offices were among the clients of IBM. Nazi statistical professionals laid claim to what they presumed their developing technology was going to achieve. Their entire anticipation was based on the growing creativity of IBM tabulator technology and punch cards. Only IBM could create and implement systems to quantify, sort, and identify the German people from the other populations. The 1933 census, with tabulation services and design assistance given by IBM helped the Nazi achieve their purpose. In 1935, census data that was machine-tabulated significantly increased the approximated number of Jews through the identification of people with a few or a single Jewish ancestor. Over 2000 multi-machine sets were distributed all over Germany. Moreov er, card sorting systems were developed in all camps (Black, 2001). In 1939, another census was conducted to find out the complete number of the Jewish population. The census activities were closely linked with cards and technology supplied by IBM. In addition, Nazi concentration camps had a department which kept records of inmates by the use of the punch card technology. Every concentration camp contained a code number for the purpose of keeping records. In 1943, when prisoners arrived at the concentration camps, they would be assessed physically and for political activities and their information recorded on the punch cards (Black, 2001). Richard Wiggins came up with the idea of the Speak and Spell in 1976. This idea set the landmark for digital processors, being the first one to utilize linear predictive coding to carry out speech synthesis. In 1980, the initial stand-alone, comprehensive digital processors were developed. In 1983, digital processors continued to be more successfu l. These digital processors were developed on the basis of the Harvard architecture. They contained distinct data and instruction memory. These data processors contained a unique instruction set, with commands, for example, multiply and accumulate, and load and accumulate. Almost more than five years after this invention, a more advanced set of digital processors started to spread. This processor contained three memories for recording multiple operands at the same time and contained hardware to quicken tight loops. In addition, this processor also contained an addressing component with a capacity of loop-addressing. Finally, contemporary digital processors have a tremendous performance. This can be attributed to both architectural and technological developments, for example, a wider bus system, fast-access two-level cache, and lower design rules. In my view, these items are significant because they highlight significant events that highlight changes that have led to the development of digital processors. For instance, the Nazi used the punch card technology to record information during the census and in Nazi concentration camps, and the current processors contain tremendous qualities, for example, fast-access two-level cache. Question 2 Henry Edward Roberts was an American entrepreneur, engineer, and medical doctor. In 1975, he created the initial commercially profitable personal

Colonization of Latin America and North America Essay Example for Free

Colonization of Latin America and North America Essay When Christopher Columbus led a Spanish expedition in 1492 to India, he came across a land that would change the world forever. This region was called the Americas, a land the Spanish, Portuguese, French and English saw as their own to change and rule. However, the two regions, Latin America and North America saw two vastly different yet similar colonization processes from the Europeans in their social, political and economic systems. North America and Latin America both developed a form of ethnic mixing and a caste system for social structure and stability. However, Latin America’s caste system was more based on skin color while North America’s social structure wasn’t defined by ethnic groups. The two of these regions were both colonized by Europeans but had different ways of being colonized. A similarity in these two regions would be the development of European migrants, leading to the emergence of two societies. Latin America and North America’s political processes were also a huge part of colonization. While in North America the decisions of who would rule and control the lands was in the hands of private groups in Latin America, however, the choice of who would take control was in the hands of viceroys or governors. Both of these regions were ran by Europeans who would make the decisions. Latin America was ran by European peninsulas and North America governed by higher class merchants, deciding for themselves who they wanted to be controlled by. Latin America and North America shared the similarity in political colonization of both wanting to have some sort of control in their lands creating a stronger society and community to live in. The importance of future rulers would also have a major influence in the economic process and future economies in both areas. The economic process during colonization in both regions led to better social ways and interaction with lands having an influence on the colonization process greatly. In both Latin America and North America both had produced cash crops. While Latin America developed maize, a sugar production, and rice, North America planted tobacco creating a need for coerced labor. However, the difference in the coerced labor needed for the new production of these items was varied. In North America, slavery was a much needed acquirement to keep the production of these items needed while in Latin America indentured slaves and slavery was their way of production used by the Europeans in these regions. In Latin and North America, the Europeans didn’t go there to look for raw materials such as gold and silver like the other explorers who thought the Natives had it everywhere and weren’t completely using it to their own advantage. The Natives living there, however, were more amazed at what the Europeans had and vice versa. In conclusion, I have stated the different and similar colonization processes of North America and Latin America. The political, social, and economic processes were all similar and different in the mixing of ethnic groups, the need for control of their lands, and the regions using coerced and indentured labor to stabilize their lands.

The Devils Shadow :: essays research papers

The Devil's Shadow Time Setting: The Devil's Shadow by Clifford Lindsey Alderman took place in the late seventeenth century from 1692-1693. This is the time period that the Salem Witch Trials took place. The main plot of the story rested on the events leading up to the Salem Witch Trials, the trials themselves, and the aftermath of the trials. Detailed accounts of witch executions, the actual trials, and the events that caused the trials were discussed in the story. Place Setting: Most of the action in this story took place in Salem, Massachusetts. This was the birthplace of the witchcraft hysteria and it was also the actual site of the Salem Witch Trials. The town of Salem, Massachusetts in the late seventeenth century was a small puritan community that was largely uneducated and very superstitious. Since many lacked education, they did not understand many events that happened in their daily lives. Many things that went wrong in their daily lives would be blamed on witchcraft or sorcery. Such common things as burnt bread or broken plates would be blamed on the supernatural. Many people, especially the uneducated, firmly believed in the existence of witches and warlocks. They believed that such individuals had the power to perform "black magic" that caused some kind of trouble. Every time something bad happened they would blame it on witches and witchcraft. Main Characters: One of the main characters in this story was Tituba, an African slave woman from Barbados. She was purchased in Barbados by a merchant named Samuel Parris. She lived in Barbados until Samuel Parris brought her to Salem to work as his servant. She was known to practice Obeah, an African cult sorcery. People who performed or practiced Obeah were said to be able to predict the future, make magical charms, and drive away evil spirits. Tituba was accused of teaching witchcraft to a small group of girls in Salem. Samuel Parris, another main character in this story, was a merchant who attended Harvard University. He was the owner of Tituba and her husband. He had studied to become a minister before he left Harvard. He was a business man who traded slaves, sugar, and rum in Barbados. Things began to not work out for him when he started making less and less money. He gave up his career as a merchant in 1689 and moved to Salem to become a minister. Other main characters in this story include the girls that were taught witchcraft by Tituba, the judges in the courtroom, and the men and women who were accused of witchcraft.

What Parent Characteristics Are Related To the Physical Abuse of the Children?

IntroductionAimThe intent of this paper seeks to cognize whether the features shown by some of the parents are straight or indirectly related to the physical maltreatment of the kids. And the recognition is traveling to be made establishing it at the decision arrived.Justification of Proposed ResearchWhat have prompted this survey are the rampant instances of physical kid maltreatment which have been intensifying by the twenty-four hours.This frailty his broad spread across the United State of America. The perpetuators of the physical kid maltreatment have been found in most instances to be the parents who gave birth to these kids. This phenomena is really non limited to any subset or any subdivision of the population as it has been shown to impact across the societal divide, where households irrespective of their societal economic position or cultural.The kids besides undergo physical maltreatment irrespective of their age or sex.Demographic and societal factors have been identified with the cause of physical kid maltreatment. The increased degrees of physical maltreatment of kids are associated with emphasis the parents undergo exceptional individual parents who have to beguile everything including their callings and their duties as exclusive suppliers. Sadly these maltreatments thrive under secretiveness where the victims hide their sorrows because they fear their parents and besides holds the believe that they must hold been on the incorrect while others still have gotten used to these sort of rough intervention. Physical a buse can be easy noticed because of the physical marks like contusions or hurts inflicted on the victims. This glowering hazard demands to be studied thoroughly and therefore this research comes in manus as it points out correlativity between the traits the parents bear and the physical maltreatment of the kids.Null HypothesisThe parent ‘s features have no relationship with the physical maltreatment of the kids.Definition of Key Fo otingsPhysical maltreatment is largely a sort of mistreatment and is a broad class of idiosyncrasy that can include floging, emotional maltreatment, sexual maltreatment and disregard. As a normal regulation physical maltreatment can be defined as the imposition of physical injury by caretaker or apparent on a kid. It is non a must for the injury to be wittingly inflicted, and in most of state of affairss physical maltreatment is ne'er intended and may be as a consequence of intense disciplinary actions or bodily penalty that are excessively much ensuing in physical hurt or the hazard of bring downing physical hurt. Physical maltreatment normally occurs at the same clip with other signifiers of child ill-treatment. A crude and common illustration of this is when a male parent hits his male child with a closed fist and at the same clip being intimidated or belittled through verbal maltreatments.Such instances are considered to be both physical and at the same clip emotional maltreatme nt because both of them have occurred at the same time. Coming up with the best definition of physical maltreatment is difficult because of different criterions that can be applied to it. For illustration, finding the point at which normal kid up conveying behaviours can turn out to be an act of kid maltreatment? In the United States, definitions vary harmonizing to different provinces nevertheless ; there are two types of definitions criterions that are used to stipulate and clear up what physical maltreatment mean. The first is the harm criterion, which considers behaviour as opprobrious merely if it consequences in incontrovertible injury or hurts. This injury could be in signifier of scalds, contusions, bites, Burnss, scratchs, cuts, breaks, or any of a figure of other hurts. For this criterion, physical injury or assault by either a birth parent or health professional that pose a significant hazard of physical hurt is taken to intend maltreatment. Examples of actions and behaviours that would be classified opprobrious when it comes t o this standard definition, is among others, pluging a kid, subjugation to heat, submerging, , blistering, poisoning, smothering, biting, agitating, choking, and stabbing. However these actions and behaviours might non ensue in incontrovertible hurts like cuts or contusions, they are still classified as opprobrious when it comes to endangerment criterion. Making comparings between the two criterions, it can ever be seen that hurt to the child is equal to definitions of injury while action towards injury behaviour is centre of endangerment definitions. More so, harm definitions criterions are more precise and more nonsubjective as compared to criterions of hazard. The difference between bodily penalty and physical maltreatment is ne'er precise.RestrictionsThe major restrictions of this research is that so many physical maltreatment go un reported hence acquiring exact statistics is so hard and this might take to doing incorrect decision. A besides geting at concrete definition of physical kid maltreatment will be a job because toeing the line between normal child adherent and physical kid maltreatment is hard.Less research has been thoroughly done estab lishing on this subject and so acquiring adequate stuff will turn out as a challenge since there is scarceness of mention. The chosen subject besides is so sensitive and while roll uping informations it will be so difficult because people will be so leery particularly the victims themselves because this peculiar behaviour happens in most homesteads but the victims are normally quiet about the issue.Review of Related LiteratureMost of the recent research has focused chiefly on kid maltreatment in households undergoing divorce as compared to the population in general. In one of the surveies of households preferred for kid guidance for detention or ratings, for illustration, there were so many allegations of kid maltreatment leveled against one parent or health professional in at least three quarters of the households, and out of this, about half of the allegations were mentioned irrespective of the societal position or gender of the birth parent involved. The overall rate of confirmat ion for all types of kid maltreatment was the same as for old surveies of the general population, beliing the thought that parents are more likely to do baseless allegations of maltreatment during detention differences. The thought that most child maltreatment instances reported are stemming from households which are falling apart is so true because of the force per unit area and emphasis related to this. In add-on, American households are undergoing a batch of alterations and divorce is taking a toll order on. The statistics has it that about a million people normally undergo divorce and matrimony nullification annually. It is estimated that 40 % to 50 % of grownups will finally disassociate ( Bee, 1992 ) . Including this has a direct consequence, friends and more so kids who bear the whole consequence of kid particularly where kids are subjected to mistreat as a consequence of psychological anguish inflicted on the divorcing parents. This has besides had rippling effects non merely within household members but besides on the society as a whole. Parental disaffection syndrome, nevertheless, is much more serious. It involves the systematic smear by one parent of the other parent and brainwashing of the kid, with the purpose of estranging the kid from the other parent. The parental disaffection syndrome which occurs due to this unfortunate incident will impact the kids adversely. The parent undergoing divorce is mourning a awful loss due to tonss of societal values wish friendly relationships every bit good as economic value loss. This is frequently compounded by the depressions and isolations. The sum of force per unit area may ensue in weakness which can change over to aggression, choler and loss of moral values. The parents manipulate the feelings of a kid hence taking to disaffection of the other parent and this can take to defeats due to depression which increases on the side of a parent hence taking to increased feeling of weakness. This may be manifested by choler and rough intervention towards the other parent and this already is a signifier of kid maltreatment where the psychological science of the kid has been manipulated with the intent of sick motivations of seeking to do the kid hatred another parent. So it is likely a suggestion that this might take to some features in parents that are linked to what kids may be subjected to child maltreatment. Review of culprit features has examined this literature carefully. Some certain traits or features are discussed thoroughly this is because they are really critical to the intervention and care of opprobrious interaction which are in signifier forms. Many of these suggested parent features raises degrees of emphasis and psychological perturbations for illustration depression, mental upsets and physical symptoms or bad parenting schemes.Some grounds vividly high spots parental function which trigger specific illustrations of psychiatric upsets. These features have been found out to hold triggered the parent ‘s attitude towards a kid alteration as they try to concentrate on the jobs which seem to hold inflicted hurting in their lives. So stress will alter the traits which the parent normally portray and may ensue in aggression or choler and in the procedure of spreadi ng these feelings the parent will vent their defeats on the kids and may take to such things like abuse or physical maltreatment like whipping, combustion, pluging etc. This point of position nevertheless has non been so common from the past research and hence can non be relied upon wholly. In one of the rare empirical ratings of conceptual theoretical account of rearing tested a subject mediated theoretical account with a sample of striplings and their parents. It was ab initio hypothesized that rough subject actions would be generated by crude and unequal disciplinary actions or tactics and accomplishments. The findings did uncover that the birth parental subject triggered the relationship between mental emphasis and unequal parental patterns of disciplinary actions. Parental rough behaviour was non found to be major predicator, but indiscipline kids led to parental subject but ne'er to physical maltreatment parenting patterns. The connexion between emphasis and improper parenting was wholly taken over by parental subject. In add-on to measuring uneffective parenting behaviours, the writers encourage careful appraisal of the parent ‘s perceptual experience and effectual reaction to parent-child interactions in understanding opprobrious interactions. This positio n is so important because the society seems to be in full support of kid being subjected to train as a manner of rectifying or modeling them to be responsible grownups in the close hereafter nevertheless this has been misused by the parents largely who are rigorous or who seem to demo the trait of being so rigorous but they over discipline their kids taking to them being abused. So many instances have been reported where parents urgently try to convert other people that they were seeking merely to train their kids but resulted into ugly incidence. This position appears to be existent although it is normally difficult to distinguish the normal subject process and physical kid maltreatment or what standards to utilize while seeking to state the difference between the two. In relation to mistreat, this theoretical account is concerned with placing the assorted interactions among features related to household working, such as kids ‘s get bying attempts, parental attention giving and subject and other household features. Development ecological theoretical account emphasizes the development i.e. kid and parent-characteristics immediate interactive i.e. parenting, parent-child interactive procedures and broader contextual i.e. community, cultural and evolutionary features with child ill-treatment ( Belksy,1993 ) .Hence within this international sphere, child physical maltreatment seems to stand for the interplay among kid, parent and household factors and is some alone likely to be accounted for by some alone single or household features. The civilization seems to take toll in some of the instances where it is normal as per the cultural values to train kids by crushing or subjecting to penalties.These believes are likely to determine the features of the parents as they stick to their believes and therefore even if the subject is overdone, there will be no superciliums raised. In every society the civilization is so diverse and is governed by some sort of regulations and so is hard and complex to reason Culture has a cardinal in indicating it shapes the features of parents who in bend are associated to physical maltreatment of the kids. The findings did uncover that the birth parental subject triggered the relationship between mental emphasis and unequal parental patterns of disciplinary actions. Parental rough behaviour was non found to be major predicator, but indiscipline kids led to parental subject but ne'er to physical maltreatment parenting patterns. The connexion between emphasis and improper parenting was wholly taken over by parental subject. In add-on to measuring uneffective parenting behaviours, the writers encourage careful appraisal of the parent ‘s perceptual experience and effectual reaction to parent-chil d interactions in understanding opprobrious interactions. This position is so important because the society seems to be in full support of kid being subjected to train as a manner of rectifying or modeling them to be responsible grownups in the close hereafter nevertheless this has been misused by the parents largely who are rigorous or who seem to demo the trait of being so rigorous but they over discipline their kids taking to them being abused. So many instances have been reported where parents urgently try to convert other people that they were seeking merely to train their kids but resulted into ugly incidence. This position appears to be existent although it is normally difficult to distinguish the normal subject process and physical kid maltreatment or what standards to utilize while seeking to state the difference between the two.Application Previous Research in Current ProposalThe application of the mentioned old research to the current proposal is so suited because the old research seems to hold thoroughly covered their subjects and there are so many relationships between them for illustration linking civilization and the physical kid maltreatment has been antecedently covered and therefore we can associate the civilization and the parental features. Hence within this international sphere, child physical maltreatment seems to stand for the interplay among kid, parent and household factors and is some alone likely to be accounted for by some alone single or household features. The civilization seems to take toll in some of the instances where it is normal as per the cultural values to train kids by crushing or subjecting to penalties.These believes are likely to determine the features of the parents as they stick to their believes and therefore even if the subject is overdone, there will be no superciliums raised. In every society the civilization is so diverse and is governed by some sort of regulations and so is hard and complex to reason that civil ization has a cardinal in indicating it shapes the features of parents who in bend are associated to physical maltreatment of the kids. The association between emphasis and kid maltreatment has been antecedently covered besides and can be connected with the current research proposal where kid features are related to parental features Relationship between household bickers and kid maltreatment has been antecedently covered and this will be applied in this research proposal since Most of the recent research has focused chiefly on kid maltreatment in households undergoing divorce as compared to the population in general. In one of the surveies of households preferred for kid guidance for detention or ratings, for illustration, there were so many allegations of kid maltreatment leveled against one parent or health professional in at least three quarters of the households, and out of this, about half of the allegations were mentioned irrespective of the societal position or gender of the birth parent involved.How Articles Were FoundThe articles were found by extensively making research in the library on the old related subjects while others were sourced from the cyberspace.Methods and ProceduresResearch DesignResearch design is a beginning of gum that brings the research undertaking together. A design is fundamentally used to propagate the research. To prove the hypothesis, a information file will be created that combines instances from three different Surveys although the studies may differ in a figure of ways, all three will do usage of the Conflict Tactics step in order to acquire informations on features parents have in relation to physical kid maltreatment. All the three instances besides will randomly take health professional or either the male parent or the female parent for the intent of the interview. Hence, in each study instance it is expected that about half of the respondents would either be the male parent or the female parent for whom the referred kid belongs to.ProceduresThe Procedure of carry oning the research will get down by choosing the mark group of the and so the inquiries to be asked are besides formulated followed by the interview being conducted through phones and one on one so the inside informations of the mark group should be thoroughly done.The standards to used in population to pick out the kids to be interviewed on the issue of the physical maltreatment whereby at least one of the kid under 18 who has been populating at place for rather a piece will be selected. All the three studies will use random method of choice this will be followed by analysis of the informations and coming up with the consequences which are used to pull decisions and hence put in authorship.SamplesSampling is the act of taking units illustration communities, states or colleges from a population of involvement so as to be just in generalising the consequences and this is done by analyzing the sample. The samples will be picked establishing on cultural composing, socioeconomic position, and age.This will do the analysis orderly and easier to carry on. The sample will dwell of two parts which are: a composing of people who are of 18 old ages of age based on national chance sample and over who are lawfully married or live togethering with male and female and over-samples of married or live togethering Afro-american.InstrumentsThe instruments that are traveling to be employed in this survey would include the usage of pressmans, computing machines and secondary informations storage like brassy phonograph record. Other instruments would include the usage of phones, reckoners, calendars, tickers, topographic point visible radiations, Umbrellas, Vehicles and composing stuffs.Ethical ConsiderationsEthical issues must be considered while carry oning this survey whereby the sorts of inquiries to be asked should be carefully framed and linguistic communication to be used should non be vulgar. The inquiries to be asked besides should eschew a manner from being personal and the mode in which these inquiries are asked should be polite for the subject of this survey is really sensitive and if words are non right chosen so the survey might be hampered because the respondents will be leery and might keep back some critical information.Internal ValidityIt is ever o f import to bear in head that there are distinguishable respondents in each study, for This can non be like a panel survey in whereby reinter screening of the same respondents is done at three clip points. This is what is referred to as a tendency survey. In this survey, the mark for which Dynamism is being looked into will non be exclusive respondents, but a targeted group such as a small town, school like college, state or a part. Therefore, a valid tendency survey holds the fact that the sample at each given clip point is inclusive of the societal unit at that clip, the best illustration is the three nationally inclusive samples used in this instance for this survey. If for case, the cultural composing of a given society undergoes metabolism over clip, a panel survey following up portion 1 respondents would no longer be inclusive because portion 2 measurings would ne'er right reflect the cultural composing. This is what is called internal cogency i.e. for the survey to be viewed as internally valid it must stand for every composing of a targeted group so that the survey will clearly maneuver off from being reduced to a panel survey hence turning the survey as non valid.External CogencyExternal cogency is about the same as generalizing. Cogency can be defined as the about truth of illations, propositions, or decisions. So, external survey is the grade with which the decision devising is drawn upon in your survey and would appeal for other individuals in other topographic points and at different times. There are two rules on how grounds for a generalisation is provided. The first 1 is called trying theoretical account. In this sampling theoretical account, one starts by placing the population to be generalized. Then, a just sample is drawn from that population and research is conducted with the sample. Finally, since the sample is represents the population, generalisation of consequences can be done automatically back to the population. There are myriad of jo bs associated with this attack one major one is that may be one does non whom the generalisation would be done to. So in this survey external cogency should pull general decision of whether there is relationship between the features of the parents and physical kid maltreatment.MentionsBee, H.L. The journey of maturity. New York: Macmillan, 1992. Belksy, J. ( 1993 ) .Etiology of child mistreatment. A development ecological analysis, Psychological bulletin, vol.114, pp.413-434. Black, D.A. , Heyman, R.E. and Smith-Lap, A.M. ( 2001 ) . Hazard factors for child physical maltreatment. Aggression and violent behaviour, vol. 6, no.2, pp.121-188. Gardner, R.A. Family ratings in kid detention judicial proceeding. Creative Therapeutics. 1982 Straus, M. A. 1979. â€Å" Measuring Interfamily Conflict and Violence: The Conflict Tactics ( CT ) Scales. † Journal of Marriage and the Family 41:75-88 ( revised version in Straus and Gelles, 1990 ) . Wolfe, D. A. ( 1999 ) . Child Maltreatment: D eductions for Child Development and Psychopathology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Mt435 Unit 3 Assignment

Introduction Question One Based on the information presented in the scenario/case study discuss Albatross Anchor’s competitiveness in relation to (please address all items in the below list and provide support for your conclusions): 1. Cost a) Cost of Production: To understand the cost of production we must first understand what two costs are valuable to company along what can make a company gain or lose profit. First we look at Variable cost which â€Å"depends on what materials and labor are needed for the company† and in this case it is anchors which can vary with the volume of anchors that is produced (Russell & Taylor, 2011).The fixed costs are â€Å"those that do not vary with output and typically in rents, deprecation, insurance, set-up cost and normal profit† (economicsonline. co. uk). Fixed costs are usually known as your overheads. When it comes to Albatross Anchor and the manufacturing of its anchor we can see that the fixed cost are down because they chose to manufacture in house. Looking at the cost we can see that the cost of manufacturing mushrooms/bell anchors are $8. 00 per pound and $11. 00 per pound for the snag hook anchors.One has to understand that Albatross sells their products are the same rate as their competitors and their product are made primarily for fresh water which can be a disadvantage. Another disadvantage that I noticed is that all of their produces are made in house which affect their cost as well. When it comes to shipping they only have two means which is shipping (larger freight ships) and truck shipping. Although there profit margin may at times be less than 35% we also have to think if they operating efficiently and everything that maybe affected if the manufacturing, shipping or receiving lines go down. ) Economies of Scale in material purchasing: â€Å"A company that achieves Economies of Scales lower the average cost per unit through increased production since fixed costs are shared over an incre ased number of goods† (Andexer, 2008). â€Å"When more units of a good or a service can be produced on a larger scale, yet with (on average) less input costs, economies of scale (ES) are said to be achieved. Alternatively, this means that as a company grows and production units increase, a company will have a better chance to decrease its costs† (Investopedia. com).One has to ask that if, Albatross Anchors is producing anchors in small batches how are they able to meet the economies of scale? To be honest we can state they are not. Although the company itself has grown from 4 to 130 people the company output/manufacturing has not causing the cost of output to drop. c) Cost of Raw Materials Sitting Idle in the Warehouse: â€Å"Raw materials can be classified as direct or indirect materials. Direct materials are: raw materials that can be physically and directly associated with the finished product† (simplestudies. com).With that being stated if the raw materials a re sitting idle in the warehouse then that will affect the overhead. This may also affect the shipping/receiving departments along with the storage space that is available. d) Cost of Finished Goods Sitting Idle in the Warehouse: With both finished and raw materials sitting idle one has to ask how much of increase in cost is because of the storage is the company taking. Many products at Albatross Anchor are not shipped out until they proven to efficient. 2. Speed of manufacturing process from order to finished product.Although it may seem that due to limited amount of anchors that are made are produced the manufacturing of the product would be efficient and effective. But from the video and all of the reading I would have to say that due to the types of machines that is need for each anchor that speed and quality maybe affect at times. There are different types of machines that are needed for each anchor along with making sure that employees are trained well to run the machines. Wit h that being stated between having to change each machine/product line it may slow the process of making each product. 3.Flexibility in filling order(s). When it comes to the flexibility of filling order Albatross only sells their anchors at wholesale price and it is mainly to companies and not the general consumer/public. Another factor to consider is the way the building is set up along with the limited amount of space that is available in the warehouse between each department. Many items depending on the size and quantity can take weeks in order to fill that particular order. 4. Technology. When it comes to our current world and as much technology that is used one may think that they would have found a way to put it use within heir company but that is not the case. Albatross Anchors only tend to changes as they go along causing them to fall behind when it comes to technology. The machines are older which has me wondering about the added cost that it may cause to keep them going. 5. Capacity and facilities. After reviewing the video I see that their facilities are in poor conditions making it harder for many to work that type of environment. The administrative office have no space/order to them along with their shipping or receiving department affecting how the company flows on a daily bases.Not having enough space along with clean, organized facilities can affect the produce and output of a company. 6. Service to customers. Albatross Anchors only sell to wholesalers not really having a relationship to their consumers. Because many of products are sold by distribution companies or OEM companies usually have large orders one may not know the real service that is being provided. Another factor to consider is that they sell their products at the same rate as their competitors so there is never any real discount creating a larger client base.I would suggest opening the doors to other consumers to help broaden the market. Question Two There are many ways that mus hroom/bell anchors may be manufactured. Albatross Anchor is considering two new manufacturing processes (Process A and Process B) to reduce costs. Analysis of the information below will help determine which process has the lowest breakeven point (this validates the process is more cost effective). For each process the following fixed costs and variable costs are identified below: Anchor and ProcessProcess AProcess BSale price per anchor$45. 00$45. 00 Total Fixed cost $ 650,000. 00$950,000. 00 Variable cost per anchor$ 36. 00$ 29. 99 Based on the information in the table above complete the table below: Anchor and ProcessProcess AProcess B (a) Fixed costs per anchor 650000950000 (b) The total number of anchors to attain break–even point for Process A and Process B 72,22263,291. 14 (c) Based on your calculations which Process (A or B) that you would recommend for adoption (you can select only one). Please make sure to explain how you arrived at your conclusion.Personally since t he breakeven point of the two has been calculated I would have to recommend using process B because of the cost and the amount that has are produced. Within a company we all have to think about what is going to be profitable in the end and that is another reason why I went with Process B. Conclusion Albatross Anchor is a family business that started off with only four people and it grew to 130. This company has came along way and have the potential to grow even bigger it they can deliver product quality and also using some of the newer technology that is available to them.I would also suggest that they expand their market and client base along with renovating/expanding the manufacturing company. Along with improving their manufacturing departments they also need have the administrative office in a space that is workable and more organized. Within every business there needs to be a plan, structure and a means of delivering the best quality of service that is out there and this compan y has a long way to go. References Cost of Production. (n. d) Retrieved March 17, 2013 from http://www. economicsonline. co. uk/Business_economics/Costs. html Andexer, T. 2008). Analysis and Evaluation of Market Entry Modes Into the Asia-Pacific Region. Retrieved March 17, 2013 from books. google. com/books? isbn=3640144074 Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing cost, (n. d) Retrieved March 16, 2013 from http://simplestudies. com/manufacturing-nonmanufacturing-costs. html/page/4 What are Economies of Scale? (Smith & Marshall, 2009) Retrieved March 17, 2013 from http://www. investopedia. com/articles/03/012703. asp Russell, R. Taylor, B. (2011). Operations Management: Creating Value along the Supply Chain, 7th Edition. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons

The narratives of exile and diaspora by Mahmud Darwish

The narratives of exile and diaspora by Mahmud Darwish â€Å"The narrative of exile and diaspora† is all about Mahmud Darwish’s expressions of his frustrations with the way his fellow countrymen face injustice cases in their own country and even how things get worse for them when they flee their country in the attempt to try and find better living environments. Mahmud Darwish is a Palestinian poet and an author who feels disgusted by the challenges facing his fellow countrymen.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The narratives of exile and diaspora’ by Mahmud Darwish specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He holds a grudge with the entire Palestinian government describing it as a dictatorial form of leadership. He goes further to blame the government for what he calls failure to give proper care to its citizens. This renders them to painful and miserable deaths that he thinks could not be happening had the government taken the responsibility of protect ing their civilians. The theme of exile and diaspora as portrayed in Darwish’s poem can be traced back to the beginning of the earth. This happened when Adam and Eve disobeyed God’s command of not eating the forbidden fruit. The angels of God carrying swords of fire threw them out of the Garden of Eden. They hence had to flee out of Eden and seek refuge elsewhere. However, in reality the problem of exile originated from the turbulence that occurred in the Arab world caused by the Second World War activities. The Second World War led to the formation of movements aimed at opposing European colonialism leading to massive changes in political and social arena in the Arab world. For example, the formation of Arab Nationalism in the attempt to counteract the Europeans leads to the eruption of several movements in the Arab world to oppose colonialism. Such revolutions significantly affected the lives of many civilians. The civilians that inhabited Arab countries faced proble ms such as racial segregations and lack of proper protection by their own government. The most affected people are those who inhabited countries such as Palestine, Iraq, Egypt and Yemen. The claims made by Darwish are true according to Jewish literature. The author expresses his frustration at challenges such as racial discrimination, displacement, dictatorial leadership and the fact that Arab countries are full of tyranny and governed by the sword as they describe it.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As mentioned above, most civilians in the sword governed Arabic countries such as Yemen and Palestine who are the author’s main concern flee their own countries in search for refuge abroad. The most affected groups are the revolutionists and the top intellects that pioneered the whole idea of revolution and anti-colonialism movements. The leader’s ideas lead to war outbreaks between their own countries and the colonists. However, the others run away for fear of assassination by their superiors who either saw them as a threat or thought they could use the secrets they know to bring them to the ground. There were also dictatorial regimes, especially in Algeria where leaders killed their own civilians or created conditions that could not be tolerated by their citizens hence the need to flee. In fact, the governments of Algeria installed police forces and laws that were too hard for the civilians. Instead of enforcing law and order and ensuring that the citizens accessed protection they created conditions that pushed the civilians out of their own country. The other contributing factor is the tragic war that erupted between the author’s country, Palestine and the Israelites that led to among others the massive exodus of Palestinian refugees in the years one thousand nine hundred and forty seven and the year one thousand nine hu ndred and sixty seven. Their governments installed brutal police that instead of protecting the citizens, they oppressed them. As a result, they were not only defeated by their enemies but also lost thousands of their productive citizens who ran to other countries as refugees. It is absurd that the countries where the citizens run to for help and where they expect to get solutions, as well as a home away from home, prove to be even a worse temptation as they receive the opposite of their expectations while there. Mahmud Darwish claims that it is extremely ironic that Arabs are not fairly treated in fellow Arab countries. He gives an example of a Palestine who was found lying dead in Lebanon on top of a stone. All that is in his pocket are a few coins and a travelling document.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The narratives of exile and diaspora’ by Mahmud Darwish specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From t his data, it is vividly evident that the refugees in Lebanon suffer deprivation of many rights. For example, instead of provision of a passport, all that a refugee had is a travelling permit. The story goes on to claim that the mother of the deceased kissed him and then mourns helplessly for a whole year. In conclusion, Mahmud Darwish claims that the emergence of exile and diaspora dwelling has been heavy because the Arab country governments lack commitment to provide their citizens with security. The problems faced by refugees are as a result of the governments of fellow Arab countries as they have totally failed to appreciate and embrace brotherhood. The only way to eradicate this problem is through self-responsibility among governments.

Free Essays on Gang Life

gang life Gang Life In life, teenagers and adult’s join gangs for difficulties in their life. They feel that they need a group of people to understand and support them through the rough stage of their life. In the novel, The Outsiders, by S. E. Hinton Ponyboy is a fourteen-year-old boy who is a part of the gang called the greasers. His whole remaining family are greasers. Gang life can lead to death and trouble. In The Outsiders, Ponyboy is in a gang with all of the people he grew up with in the neighborhood, including his two brothers, Sodapop and Darry. In a fight against the socials, the enemy of the greasers, Ponyboy and another member of the greasers named Johnny were outnumbered five-two. In order to save Ponyboy’s life, Johnny killed a member of the socials named Bob. This proves that gang life can lead to death. After Johnny killed Bob, they went to their friend Dally to help them get out of their situation. Dally told them to go to an old abandoned church on the top of J ay Mountain. Dally told them to stay there until he got there. On the fifth day Dally got there and took them to get something to eat. When they got back to the church, the church was on fire. As a crowd gathered around, Ponyboy and Johnny realized that there were children trapped inside. They both went in to rescue them. As they made their way out, a piece of timber caught him across the back and he was burned very badly. Ponyboy didn’t get burned but got knocked out by Dally when he tried to go back into the fire to save Johnny. A couple of day’s later Johnny died. If Johnny weren’t part of a gang, he would have never killed Bob and he wouldn’t have been at the church running away from the police. As soon as Ponyboy got back from the hospital, a rumble between the greasers and the socials was about to take place. Ponyboy fought despite being hurt and sick. After the greasers beat the socials, Dally and Ponyboy went to the hospital to tell Joh... Free Essays on Gang Life Free Essays on Gang Life gang life Gang Life In life, teenagers and adult’s join gangs for difficulties in their life. They feel that they need a group of people to understand and support them through the rough stage of their life. In the novel, The Outsiders, by S. E. Hinton Ponyboy is a fourteen-year-old boy who is a part of the gang called the greasers. His whole remaining family are greasers. Gang life can lead to death and trouble. In The Outsiders, Ponyboy is in a gang with all of the people he grew up with in the neighborhood, including his two brothers, Sodapop and Darry. In a fight against the socials, the enemy of the greasers, Ponyboy and another member of the greasers named Johnny were outnumbered five-two. In order to save Ponyboy’s life, Johnny killed a member of the socials named Bob. This proves that gang life can lead to death. After Johnny killed Bob, they went to their friend Dally to help them get out of their situation. Dally told them to go to an old abandoned church on the top of J ay Mountain. Dally told them to stay there until he got there. On the fifth day Dally got there and took them to get something to eat. When they got back to the church, the church was on fire. As a crowd gathered around, Ponyboy and Johnny realized that there were children trapped inside. They both went in to rescue them. As they made their way out, a piece of timber caught him across the back and he was burned very badly. Ponyboy didn’t get burned but got knocked out by Dally when he tried to go back into the fire to save Johnny. A couple of day’s later Johnny died. If Johnny weren’t part of a gang, he would have never killed Bob and he wouldn’t have been at the church running away from the police. As soon as Ponyboy got back from the hospital, a rumble between the greasers and the socials was about to take place. Ponyboy fought despite being hurt and sick. After the greasers beat the socials, Dally and Ponyboy went to the hospital to tell Joh...

Italian Idioms and Sayings Using the Verb Fare

Italian Idioms and Sayings Using the Verb Fare If essere is the Swiss army knife of verbs, then fare is the all-in-one, handy-dandy kitchen appliance. The verb fare expresses the basic idea of doing or making, as in fare gli esercizi (to do the exercises) and fare il letto (to make the bed), but it is also used in many idioms. Note that the infinitive fare is frequently abbreviated to far before a consonant. For example, you may say far colazione, far male, far torto. Fare is also used in many expressions relating to the weather (note that in the following translations, it is an impersonal subject and does not have an equivalent in Italian): Che tempo fa? (How is the weather?)Fa bel tempo. (The weather is nice.)Fa cattivo tempo. (The weather is bad.)Ha fatto caldo. (It has been warm.)Qui fa sempre freddo. (Its always cold here.)In primavera fa sempre fresco. (In spring its always cool.) Besides idiomatic expressions, and expressions relating to the weather, the verb fare is used in a number of proverbs: Fare e disfare à ¨ tuttun lavorare. (Its all go, its a hard life.)Chi la fa laspetti. (You will get as good as you gave.)Chi fa da sà © fa per tre. (If you want something done, do it yourself.)Non fare agli altri cià ² che non vorresti fosse fatto a te. (Do as you would be done by.)Tutto fa brodo. (Every little bit helps.)Chi non sa fare, non sa comandare. (A bad worker is a bad master.) Idiomatic Expressions with Fare   fare i compiti to do ones homework fare il biglietto to purchase a ticket fare la fila / la coda stand on line / wait on line fare la spesa to go grocery shopping fare le spese to go shopping fare forca to play hooky fare vedere to show someone something fare una domanda to ask a question fare una fotografia to take a picture fare una passeggiata to take a walk fare colazione to have breakfast fare un viaggio to take a trip fare un capello in quattro to split hairs farsi la barba to shave farsi coraggio to take heart fare castelli in aria to daydream fare fingere to pretend, make believe fare male to be painful, to ache farsi in la to step to one side fare di tutto to do everything possible fare del proprio meglio to do ones best farsi degli amici to make friends fare alla romana to split the check fare il pieno to fill up the gas tank fare passare to let through

Low Visibility Operations in Dubai Airport Dissertation

Low Visibility Operations in Dubai Airport - Dissertation Example In the case of Indira Gandhi International Airport, the Airport Technology (2010) reports that the foggy weather condition â€Å"causes visibility to drop below 50m, (CAT III C conditions) lasting approximately ten hours, thus affecting airport operations.† The situation of low visibility is no different in the Dubai Airport. One reason why the problem of low visibility has become a topical issue of late is the inconvenience low visibility operations cause airline operators and customers. Apart from the fact that low visibility is commonly associated with flight diversions and delays, The Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology (2011) laments on issues of safety and efficiency saying â€Å"Weather alone is a significant cause of aircraft accidents and a contributing cause in many accidents with other main causes.† Happily, low visibility in airports and in aircraft operation is a problem that can be tackled. The problem statement for this dissertation therefor e is the issue of low visibility operations in Dubai Airport and how the problem can be solved to reduce flight diversions and delays. ... These objectives have been termed ‘specific objectives’ and outlined below. Specific Objectives The researcher hopes to achieve the following specific objectives in a bid to achieve the ultimate aim, which is to reduce the chances of the flights diversions and delays departing flights during low visibility operations at the Dubai Airport. The objectives are: 1. To explain the impact and effect of bad weather on aviation services with specific reference to low visibility caused as a result of foggy weather conditions. 2. To critically examine the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requirements for airlines and how these requirements help in the daily operation of aircrafts 3. To outline the effects of bad weather and low visibility on aircraft operations 4. To find out how airside operations can be improved at the Dubai Airport 5. To examine the works and duties of air traffic services including air traffic controllers, air traffic engineers and meteorologis ts and how these duties impact on airline services. 6. To critically evaluate the training and qualification program of airport staff and how these training and qualification programs can be improved to better future airline operations. 7. To find workable strategies and models for equipping airports for low visibility operations Justification of the Research The United Arab Emirates is one of the World’s busiest air travel destinations. Specifically, Dubai is known to house a good number of people who travel to the emirate for trade and tourism purposes (Ankoma, 2010, p.18). This makes the Dubai Airport of the busiest Airports in the world. According to the Dubai Airport Media Centre (2011), â€Å"Aviation began in Dubai in 1937 when the first Imperial Airways

Project portfolio using Prince2 methodology Essay

Project portfolio using Prince2 methodology - Essay Example The prime purposes of the project of P3 are to penetrate into the business markets of London and ensure long-term sustainability. With regards to the new product launch, the expectations of the customer will be mainly concerned with the quality of the same in alignment with the changing trends of the market in relation to similar aspects. The team structure of P3 mainly comprises highly skilled professionals possessing varied complementary abilities as well as skills that might aid will certainly aid in introducing the innovative product in the London business markets. In order to meet the specification of the customers of London, the product designing team of P3 will be responsible. In respect of developing the unidirectional microphone and speaker set product in the London business markets, the applicable standards will be mainly building the product in such a manner that complies with the respective needs of the customers. An effective organisational structure will help the R&D team to obstruct mismanagement and improve productivity at large. Thus, in order to meet the quality standards with the customers’ specifications, the product will be tested through pre and post launch. From the strategic viewpoint, it can be inferred that P3 will remain highly engaged in ensuring proper care regarding the display of products in different stores through applying varied effective strategies including dust reduction and proper storage among others. With regards to maintain proper management and succession, P3 needs to get prepared for the technological reforms and communicate in regular manner with the development team for making future changes and improvements. Configuration management plan is effective in order to manage any possible change in internal along with external forces. Moreover, the written plan will be effective for the different department employees to understand their respective job roles. It can

Interview Process for Movie Theater General Manager Assignment

Interview Process for Movie Theater General Manager - Assignment Example The general manager will be mainly involved in overseeing administrative areas such as staffing, customer service, and daily operations (Suttle, 2013). The general manager will display team work while ensuring superior customer experience and encouraging profitability of the theatre. A structured interview will be conducted in order to assess and evaluate the compatibility of a candidate. The interview will have behavioral structured questions that will aim to assess the knowledge and skills of a particular candidate to test his or her compatibility with the roles and responsibilities required by the position. In addition the structured interview will focus on evaluating the behavioral aspect of a candidate’s personality beyond eligibility. This will enable the identification of a candidate that is fit for the position. The structured interview will be used to assess an individual’s candidacy by keeping the job requirements as a standard. As such it will be designed such that the questions will relate to specific job requirements. The questions will also allow deeper behavioral aspects of a candidate to surface in different mock situations required as part of a general manager at a theatre. The job analysis will be an underlying factor shaping the interview questions. More specifically the interview questions will be structured and inquire about an individual’s background in arts, theatre, and business. It will also aim to test the knowledge of an individual in key business concepts such as cash budgeting, forecasting, etcetera, where the candidate will have to demonstrate his or her knowledge and skills. Additionally, some scenario-based questions will be asked that assess the candidate’s behavior and actions given particular hypothetical questions (Bell, 1999; Arizona Human R esources, 2013). Past experience will also be asked to be described and/or demonstrated through specific examples. The recruitment will be conducted

Globalization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Globalization - Assignment Example Hence this can be seen as a positive from the domains of the World Trade Organization (Berberoglu 2005). The negative aspect of the World Trade Organization is that the not so rich countries are at loggerheads with this organization on a consistent basis, and thus the reason that there are serious disparities in the working of this global body. The critics therefore pinpoint the latter point because they believe that the drawbacks offered by the World Trade Organization are so severe that there are no chances for reverting back the time and hence bringing about any sanity within the relevant ranks. The two different viewpoints are very staggering and offer a differential perspective if seen with regards to the World Trade Organization. It is true that the World Trade Organization is indeed acting as a global organization and that globalization has happened for all the right as well as wrong reasons under the aegis of this

Responding to classmates' work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Responding to classmates' work - Essay Example The whole reference about Palestine Liberation Organization, bombings, shootings and suicide all refer to the routine lives which the western world does not understand. Thus MIA, like other artists all over the world, uses the entertainment platform to educate the audience about their problems which they cannot through any other means. I would like to say that culture and identities are all created to keep one's own interests in check. Since the resources in the world are scarce, people had to create their own identities to stamp their names on a particular resource to keep it safe from others. Thus my belief is anti-Tomlinson that 'cultural identity is a victim, not product, of globalization'. As a rationalist I believe that everybody selfishly thinks about oneself and protects ones resources. Having British accents in the movie is a sign that the 'universe parallel to our own' will have people that are just like the people in UK thus showing enforcing the superiority of the UK. Now since the flow of information is universal due to globalization, it is even more important for people to protect their own interests. Thus cultural or group identities are indeed becoming ever more meaningful as entities themselves. Globalization is a worldwide phenomenon yet the western world is involved in it than the eastern.

Humanities Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Humanities Ethics - Coursework Example This statement fits with Hospers larger arguments on the rights that all persons have including the right to life, liberty, and property. He suggests that even the government cannot infringe on these rights but rather should protect them. In particular, Hospers suggests that governments are prone to violating citizens’ property rights. Question 2: Discuss the legal and moral implications of outlawing the use of drugs that seem not to harm others. Compare this to other laws, e.g., requiring even a lone driver to wear a seatbelt. Excessive drug use in society remains one of the most challenging issues to governments. In addition, prohibiting drug use particularly of those that do not harm others presents legal implications. It is notable that the less a drug is harmless the fewer the legal legislations designed to tame their use. However, outlawing the use of harmless drugs presents legal scenarios such as inability to enforce such legal frameworks. Furthermore, the prohibition of such drugs presents moral implications in that the society will eventually use the medication under cover. Central to the efforts to tame drug use is the notion of society and pubic protection from harm. The laws requiring lone drivers also emerged because of the need to protect the public. Question 3: Some First Amendment free-speech advocates say that cyberporn cannot be restricted. The Supreme Court unanimously agreed (Reno v. ACLU 1997), making it the responsibility of Internet users to protect themselves and their children from obscene or indecent material. Defend, logically and specifically, the rationale for one or the other position. Cyberporn is a challenging phenomenon to the society because of its potential dangers and I oppose the views of the First Amendment free speech advocates because the vice can be restricted. The Supreme Court tasking the public with the responsibility of protecting themselves appears as the most neutral and workable solution. The internet user s are in a position of employing certain technological or programming steps protect users from accessing such content while in the internet. This is a workable solution and the United Nations and major organizations have implemented such initiatives to bar people from accessing pornographic content. Question 4: State J. S. Mill’s harm principle, critiquing it in light of Lynn’s reasoning that â€Å"we should punish harmful behavior, not harmful thoughts.† Szasz (a la Mill) further says, â€Å"The individual is sovereign,† and has the right to use drugs even if they harm him/her. Wilson disagrees. For the 25 million U.S. cocaine users, is drug use just a private/civil rights issue? Is it harmful to others? Give a studied explanation of your response. Individuals have rights and they must be left alone to enjoy those rights including the liberty to choose the life they want to live. However, in the context of drug use, these individuals observe that the leg al instruments that seek to outlaw and curb users infringe their private and civil rights. Drugs are highly harmful to other people especially passive users. The effects of drugs on the social functioning cannot be overemphasized. Drug use is harmful to others in the sense that people who do not use the drugs suffer a great deal because of their relationship with consumers. Question 5: Singer introduces two moral principles, the second of which has a strong version and a

Responding to classmates' work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Responding to classmates' work - Essay Example The whole reference about Palestine Liberation Organization, bombings, shootings and suicide all refer to the routine lives which the western world does not understand. Thus MIA, like other artists all over the world, uses the entertainment platform to educate the audience about their problems which they cannot through any other means. I would like to say that culture and identities are all created to keep one's own interests in check. Since the resources in the world are scarce, people had to create their own identities to stamp their names on a particular resource to keep it safe from others. Thus my belief is anti-Tomlinson that 'cultural identity is a victim, not product, of globalization'. As a rationalist I believe that everybody selfishly thinks about oneself and protects ones resources. Having British accents in the movie is a sign that the 'universe parallel to our own' will have people that are just like the people in UK thus showing enforcing the superiority of the UK. Now since the flow of information is universal due to globalization, it is even more important for people to protect their own interests. Thus cultural or group identities are indeed becoming ever more meaningful as entities themselves. Globalization is a worldwide phenomenon yet the western world is involved in it than the eastern.

Define and then compare and contrast the major goals of the Civil Essay

Define and then compare and contrast the major goals of the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Power Movement. Discuss their differences, similarities, and contributions to the Black freedom struggle - Essay Example The main difference between the two occurs where Civil Rights Movement focuses on the civil rights of black citizens while on the other hand Black Power Movement is about helping blacks achieve full equality with those of whites. There similarities between the Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement include equality for everyone and elimination of discrimination. The equality to people involved equal employment opportunity, education, the right to vote, and no discrimination while elimination of discrimination involved blacks and whites coming together to create a discrimination free environment. It is easy to find people confusing Civil Rights Movement with Black Power Movement because the Black Power Movement came from the Civil Rights Movement. The Black Power Movement is seen as turning point in the relationship between blacks and whites especially around 1950s and 1960s.1It helped the blacks achieve equality as those of whites with a group like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People that involved both blacks and whites in trying to get rid of discrimination. However, it was seen as a violent faction with the aim to divide the two races. Civil Rights Movement ensured the rights of citizenship by utilizing fourteenth and fifteenth Amendments that had been destroyed by Jim Crow Laws in the Southern part of America. This has seen the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People by blacks and whites in 1909 with the aim of eradicating discrimination. To conclude, we have seen that the Black Power Movement seems to have grown from the Civil Rights Movement with the aim of helping blacks achieve full equality with those of whites while the Civil Rights Movement has been seen to focus on civil rights of black citizens. Black Power and Civil Rights Movement have

Constantan and Copper Essay Example for Free

Constantan and Copper Essay This crystalline therefore will not be able to hold the amount of stress which will be exerted by the weights slowly being added on; however we can predict that the copper element will face much stress and therefore will experience necking as the atoms as shown in the diagram will dislocate the atoms and therefore they can slide past each other more easily, consequently resulting in the fracture of the material. Copper is generally by itself very weak that is why it needs to be hardened and strengthened for many industrial applications. It is therefore mixed with other metals and melted. When carrying out this experiment I deem that as the number of weights is increased for copper, this will slowly exert pressure and the molecules will slowly pull apart as the bond will break between the molecules. The material will reach its elastic limit, where it has reached its point where by after if any more weights are added then it will deform and not return to its original state. Here is a diagram below which illustrates this: (Image extracted from physics textbook) The equations that I will acquire in this investigation to find out the aim, which is to find out youngs modulus of both materials through drawing of the graphs from the results I will need to use the following equation as this is what will aid me achieve this part of the aim: From my graphs, I will find out the gradient and therefore be able to work out youngs modulus by the formulae above. I believe that youngs modulus for constantan will be high because I consider from the evidence provided that it will be able to take more strain then the copper (crystalline). I deem this simply because constantan being an alloy can take more of a load then a pure metal. Here is a typical example of a stress train graph: (obtained from my physics textbook) Fair test:   Test the wire to get an average; I will do this three times. All of my figures will be to three significant figures.   I will carry this out on the same day in the same conditions, using all of the same apparatus. I will keep the metre stick stuck down to the table and not move it, so that it wont affect my results, when marking off the extension. Apparatus: I will be using the following:   Pulley   Metre ruler and a marker   Mass weights and actual storage unit   Wooden blocks to hold the wire in place   A G clamp. Safety: I will ensure that I keep this a safe experiment by: Keeping the cardboard over the wire, as when the wire snaps the wire would not suddenly lift up and cause any danger.   I will also make sure there are not people crowding the experiment when it is being carried out, as the weights can cause danger if they fall. Results: I have entered the results I have been given into Microsoft excel. From this the extension I have been given, is given in mm, but in physics we have to convert mm to metres. From the materials given I would find out the area of the wire as the area can depend on the wires, as they can have different thicknesses. Diameter: 0. 37mm The cross sectional area: pi r^2=1. 07510-7m2 To find the out the cross sectional area I simply had worked out the radius, which was 0. 000185, I achieved this figure by dividing the diameter (0. 37) by 2000. By calculating this I was left with this figure. I will need to find out stress over strain which will give me youngs modulus. Since the length of the wire is 2. 1metres this will be used to find out the strain. Here are my results for copper: Here is my table of results showing results from the copper wire. I have worked out the stress and strain which therefore simply allowed me to work out the youngs modulus of copper, and this I have shown on the computer. I have also shown the table showing the formulae I had input in the cells in Microsoft Excel. I have shown this below, in the last four columns where I had input the formula into the cells to aid me to work out youngs modulus of copper. I have shown the results I had obtained for copper above, now I will produce a table showing the results I achieved for constantan the alloy which I believe would have a higher youngs modulus then copper. I had used the same length of wire which is 2. 1metres as I made sure this was a fair test when conducting the experiment. I have worked out the cross sectional area as the same in the procedure before. Here are my results for constantan: Diameter: 0. 3510-3 Area: p r^2:9. 621010-8 m2 Here are my results stated above showing the results from the constantan wire. The results show the youngs modulus for constantan at the given force. Below is the formulae table showing the formulae which were input into the cells from stress and strain. When simplifying these results it will be evident I belie that the constantan wire will have the higher youngs module, and this will be clear in the graphs I produce. I have now simplified my results so that I can easily plot my graph from these results. I have made them show the stress to the power of 10 to the 7, and strain which is ten to the power of minus three. Here are my two tables: Results for constantan (for graph) Stress Nm times 10 Strain Youngs Modulus times by 10 (times 10 )   Stress Nm times ten Strain (e/L) Youngs Modulus times by ten times by ten Analysis: In this experiment my aim objective was to find youngs modulus from copper and constantan wire. I have shown this by taking the first step which was to produce the results table, and from this I have plotted the graphs showing the force against the average extension. Observing my graphs you can see that I have plotted two separate graphs showing force against the average extension for both materials. Furthermore, you can also see that I have created the graphs showing stress-strain for copper and constantan. This graph typically shows youngs modulus. The wires had reacted to the weights in the way that I had expected as I predicted that constantan wire will have the higher youngs modulus and is more tough typically because it is an alloy which contains 40% nickel which makes this element extra strong, whereas the copper is a pure metal and will not be able to take the strain of the load and this is proven as the copper wire could only take 24N as it broke, whereas constantan wire could take almost double the amount 42N. This illustrates that constantan wire needs more force to extend the wire; whereas copper is a material which is frail and would extend by a suitable weight which puts strain onto the material. We can perceive that copper is more easy to stretch by the information I have produced in the table as at 20N it had an average extension of 0. 013 metres, however constantan wire if what my theory is, then I believe that at 20N, constantan should have a smaller average extension then copper has. Looking at the table, the average extension for constantan at 20N is 0. 006 metres. This proves my theory correct as these two results show the difference between the two materials instantly. We can now say that constantan is more tensile, as an alloy it has an enables the dislocation of the atoms which help grip the structure together and therefore give it the property of being tough, this is explained in my diagram I have drawn on page 3. I believe that the atoms in the pure metal copper, had displaced and therefore become unstable when the load was placing strain upon the wire. This would ultimately, make the atoms move out of position and break up, resulting in the wire shattering. This is why when the copper wire had reached its maximum load which was 24N, the atoms had suffered a permanent deformation in the arrangement as they would have been changed in their formation, but unable to move back. This is the same principle with the wire, as it was being stretched and the atoms moved out of place, but the load was greater then the elastic limit could handle and this is why there is a permanent deformation where the wire does not return back to it original shape and changes length, resulting in the increase in extension. In the constantan wire, this would be identical however the atoms would be harder to move out of place, as this material can handle far more load then the copper wire could. So at the same weight (24N) this wire would still return to its original shape because it is in its elastic state. However once it exceeds it elastic limit, then the wire loses its formation of atoms and does not return to its original shape. Here is a graph showing elastic and plastic locations in this graph, this is a way of working out youngs modulus, or by working out the gradient of a graph. I have also found a diagram from my physics textbook, which shows the general yield stress for materials including copper and constantan. By observing the diagram this will give further evidence for my analysis upon the results I have achieved: What each of my graphs show:   My first graph shows force against the average extension for the copper wire, this graph shows that the average extension had increased with the force, however only to a certain point, as this remained elastic from 0N to 24N. After this remained plastic, where the wire could not handle any more load and had shattered. My second graph shows force against average extension for constantan wire. This wire indicated through the graph actually can handle much load, and it has a very large elastic region, as this alloy is very tough, therefore can handle large amounts of weights. This wire could handle 42N however after it then remains plastic, and broke.   The third and final graph illustrates further insight into the youngs modulus of copper and constantan wire, as I have plotted the two materials on the same graph. It is indicated that constantan has a higher youngs modulus compared to copper material. This is because copper can easily be shattered as it stretched very much compared to constantan. The gradient is smaller compared the constantans, which means copper has the smaller youngs modulus because it is a metal and nothing stronger whereas the constant material has elements such as nickel which gives it the strength it requires to dominate copper. Evaluation: I perceive that this experiment was completed under fair conditions as this was kept a fair test at all times. I believe that repeating the experiment three times, had made this fair and given the accuracy which was needed. I had made sure that the materials were used to 2. 1 metres in length and had the same diameter. However, the errors which appeared in this experiment (uncertainties) are where when measuring the wire of the constantan or copper I had rounded up or down the value depending n whether it was greater then X. 5 or below. In my graphs, this is shown as these have been drawn in for average extension, so there is an uncertainty error of about 0.5mm. Another uncertainty spotted I believe is where I had calculated youngs modulus on the graph, I plotted a line of best fit. The line of best fit was drawn in hand by me, however this line can cause uncertainty as this is based on human error and accuracy as everyone will have their own judgment and perception when drawing the line of best fit. Furthermore, I can see that my line of best fit is not totally wrong as looking at the young modulus of copper which is 3*10 to the power of 10, and constantan 6. 40 to the power of 10. We can see that constantan youngs modulus was said to roughly double coppers youngs modulus value, and this is proven by these two figures given. We can see that these two figures are nearly double in difference therefore they seem to be correct. When measuring the wire with a metre stick I found there were an uncertainty of 0. 5mm, and an uncertainty of 1% with the weights. The experiment in general had gone according to plan. Im pleased with what I had found out through the results as I believe my prediction was correct and backed up by the results from the graph I had achieved. I believe that repeating the experiment three times meant that I had accurate results as from the average extension I plotted the graphs. Concluding this experiment I had found out that constant had the higher youngs modulus due to it being an alloy and containing the 40% of Nickel which gives it the strength property. Copper however, had been more flexible being a pure metal the atoms were easily dislocated and this resulted in copper breaking very easily as it had a small elastic limit. Improvements-IF TO DO IT AGAIN. Bibliography:I had obtained information from the following resources: o AS physics textbook: I had found this source extremely interesting and useful as much of the diagrams I had used came from this textbook, which explained the comparison between the pure metal and alloy. This textbook had given much information which was relevant to this coursework. 8/10 o AS physics CD-ROM: I had achieved the diagrams mostly from the CD ROM, this CD had many diagrams which were useful, however this did not contain much written information which was useful and could aid me with this coursework.6/10 o Internet: I found that the information from these sources seemed very reliable and information I had gained, helped me understand the complex issues with the relation of physics to youngs modulus. I had obtained the various information I have included on the background information on the sensor from the following Internet sites: o http://www. emsl. com/tensile_strength. html o http://www. encyclopedia. com/html/Y/Youngsmo. asp o http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/permot3. html.

Key Areas That Affect Profitability And Continued Growth Marketing Essay

Key Areas That Affect Profitability And Continued Growth Marketing Essay The objective of this report is to discuss key areas that affect profitability and continued growth at Starbucks and to provide strategic recommendations. This report can be used to analyze current strategic decision making effectiveness as well as provide a roadmap for Starbucks continued success. Company Background Starbucks is a publicly traded company (SBUX) founded in 1971 in Seattle, WA and is a purchaser and roaster of whole bean coffees. Starbucks produces and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them along with food items and coffee related accessories through over 7000 plus company operated retail stores. Starbucks also licenses its trademark through other channels known as specialty operations. Industry Definition Starbucks has a variety of industry code classifications including SIC code: 2095 -roasted coffee and NAICS code:  311920 Coffee and Tea Manufacturing. Starbucks is a specialty eatery serving both food and beverage products. Mission Statement Analysis Starbucks mission statement is simple; to inspire and nurture the human spirit- one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Backing Starbucks mission statement are its six principles on how they operate found in Appendix A. These principles encompass their product, customers, partners, stores, communities, and shareholders and provide the company vision. A well defined company mission statement should include the companys product, market and areas of emphasis that reflects the values of the strategic decision makers in the company (Regis University, 2009). Pearce and Robinson define a mission statement as a unique purpose that sets a company apart from others of its type and identifies the scope of its operations (Regis University, p. 18). As a result of our analysis, we found that Starbucks mission statement coupled with their principles defines the scope of the company operations and aligns with there current strategies. External Environment Porters Five Forces Analysis The Porter 5 forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter in 1979. Michael Porters framework sees five major factors that influence a business: threat of substitute products, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, rivalry between competitors and threat of new entrants to a market. The porters five forces model will help identify where improvements can be made through the current competitive force, threat of potential entrants, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and the threat of substitute products. Using Porters framework as a guide, Starbucks should consider the following: Power of Suppliers: Starbucks prides itself on its guiding principles one of which states, Our Coffee-It has always been, and will always be, about quality. Were passionate about ethically sourcing the finest coffee beans, roasting them with great care, and improving the lives of people who grow them. Therefore, in keeping with their mission and principles, Starbucks must ensure that the type and quality of coffee it offers is always the same. This means they would use the same suppliers that integrate their standards. Coffee is one of the largest traded commodities in the world. Starbucks is directly affected by Central America in terms of production of the Arabica beans they purchase. The bargaining power of suppliers to the specialty coffee industry would be exerted by either an increase in the price of the beans which are used in the production process, or by a threat of decline in the quality or quantity of the coffee beans themselves. An over-populated market could also give the suppliers more bargaining power. Starbucks needs to be aware of supplier power and potential price increases. Power of Buyers/Customers: A buyer group is powerful if the industrys product does not save the buyer money (Pearce and Robinson, 2007) This is a plus for Starbucks as their coffee products are higher in price and considered a luxury brand. Starbucks is much more concerned with the quality of their product versus price. However; the other consideration is small local coffee companies that were around before Starbucks took over the marketplace. These smaller coffee shops may have their core customers who will not give their business to anyone else. Available Substitutes: Starbucks must be aware of substitute products. Given the current grave economic crisis, consumers are vying towards less expensive alternatives than the luxury coffee Starbucks provides. This effect could alter Starbucks current pricing strategies.   As more substitutes become available, the current pricing model would become more elastic since customers have more alternatives.   Potential substitutes include bottled water, healthy water/juice drinks, and at home espresso machines.  Ã‚   Current Competitors: While companies like Dazbog and Caribou Coffee appear to be the most obvious competitors, McDonalds and Dunkin Doughnuts are Starbucks tops competitors. Both these organizations can compete with Starbucks in terms of sandwich items and coffee related products. More of a concern with these two competitors is their pricing modules. Both competitors are priced less than Starbucks products. Threat of New Entrants: Starbucks provides a luxury good that consumers often scale back on when they want to save money. In 2007, Starbucks saw its shares fall more than 30% partly down to customers deserting it for cheaper rivals. As McDonalds and other chains like Dunkin Doughnuts realize the money in luxury coffee more companies will begin to enter the marketplace offering similar product lines for less cost. Remote Environmental Factors Economic- Economic factors concern the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates. Current recession trends imply a reason for concern for a luxury brand like Starbucks with regard to the companys financials. Social- Promoting the health benefits of coffee remains a challenge for the industry and consumers are often confused with the myths propagated by the media. Social concerns regarding caffeine, and it addictive properties also need to be considered. Political-Current tensions in the Middle East and boycotts of American made products are strategic concerns for Starbucks globalization plans. Starbucks also imports their coffee beans and thus any changes in import laws should also demand special attention.    Ecological Factors- Starbucks also has a strong environmental mission statement. Starbucks promotes ethical sourcing, contributes heavily to their communities, as well as continually strives to buy, sell and use environmentally friendly products. Starbucks uses key performance indicators to be sure they are measuring the degree to which they fulfill their social and environmental responsibilities. Starbucks should maintain abreast of any changing environmental legislation that could impact their corporate strategies.   Ã‚   Technological Factors -Starbucks has been continually looking for ways to enhance the customer experience. They have also expanded their partnership with ATT. ATT offered consumers WiFi service in more than 7,000 Starbucks locations in the U.S. in spring of 2008. Industry and Competitive Environments When in a recession, luxury products tend to decline and coffee is no exception. Consumers dont find as much worth in spending $4.35 for a cup of coffee when they can purchase the same size coffee at 7-eleven for $1. 75. However, Starbucks has an immediate plan for continued growth including the introduction of its instant coffee line. Despite the challenging economic environment, Starbucks is profitable, has a strong balance sheet and generates solid cash from operations, said Schultz, CEO of Starbucks Corporation. The company is also making strategic investments in key initiatives by: Entering the $17 billion instant coffee market earlier this month with the launch of Starbucks VIAà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Ready Brew instant coffee; Growing its consumer products, licensed stores and foodservice channels; and Focusing on disciplined global store expansion in key markets. Operating Environment Pearce and Robinson (2007) stated, The operating environment factors in the immediate competitive situation that affects a firms success in acquiring needed resources. Starbucks current operating environment includes threats from competitors and rising expenses including fluctuating costs of dairy products. Price increases could have a negative impact on traffic. As of 2007, Starbucks has less than a 10% share of all of the coffee consumption in North American, and less than 1% internationally. International Environment Starbucks is an organization that operates in an international market both with regard to retail locations and use of international suppliers. Thus, Starbucks needs to consider the countries involved in its international partnerships and the impact it can have on their business strategies with regard to political, social, economic and legal locality concerns and events. Internal Analysis SWOT is an acronym for the internal strengths and weaknesses of a firm and the environmental opportunities and threats facing that firm (Pearce Robinson, 2007, p.153). Starbucks has several strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are listed in Appendix B. Strengths: Key strengths for Starbucks include the value of their employees and their corporate culture. Starbucks considers its employees partners which provides a sense of inclusion for those who work there. Also, Starbucks was one of the first organizations to offer full benefits for part-time employees. Another key strength for Starbucks is brand loyalty and name recognition. Howard Schultz, CEO, has created an every day item and turned it into a mega brand similar to Nike. Starbucks is on every street corner, in your local supermarket, and in your bookstores and campuses nation wide. Weaknesses: A key weakness for Starbucks is weakened innovation and creativity. According to Schultz, the Starbucks experience is about passion for a quality product, excellent customer service, and people. With over 4500 coffeehouses in 47 countries Starbucks coffee becomes somewhat of a commodity. In a February 2007 memo, Schultz warned top executives about over saturation of the brand. Diminishing growth opportunities are likely. Opportunities: Starbucks is a global corporation that sells its coffee in more than 16,000 coffee shops in more than 35 countries. Continued global expansion is an important opportunity. Starbucks has established relationships with PepsiCo, Barnes and Nobles, Dreyers Ice Cream and other major brands. Opportunities include continued co-branding with major manufacturers of food and drinks that have greater potential and enable further global expansion. Finally, another key opportunity is the creation of additional coffee related products and an expanded menu. Threats: Substitute products influence the demand for a companys product. More substitutes offer a bigger choice for customers and thus Starbucks has to be aware of potential substitutes available. Given the weakened economy, these substitutes become more desirable if they are a lesser cost than Starbucks offerings. With a weakened economy also comes an increase in purchasing cost for coffee related products and dairy products; both of which impact the return on investment and profits for Starbucks. Resource Based View (RBV) Analysis Resources are the distinct combination of assets, skills, capabilities and intangibles of an organization (Pearce Robinsons, 2007, p. 164). Examination of Starbucks resources can provide a method to analyze strategic advantages and assist with strategic planning. There are three basic resources reviewed when using this method; tangible assets, intangible assets, and organizational capabilities. Tangible Resources-Tangible resources are the physical and financial means a company uses to provide value to its customers (Pearce Robinsons, 2007, p. 165). Examination of Starbucks balance sheet shows inventories make up largest portion of their assets at 692.8 million of the 1, 748 billion in total current assets. Interestingly, cash and cash equivalents make up a mere 269.8 million of current assets. Starbucks owns 5 Roasting and Distribution locations, 9000, company operated retail stores, 205, 000 sq foot office building with 36,000 sq ft plot of land totally 2,956.4 million in net assets. Intangible Resources: A companys intangible resources are also important to the overall business advantage. Brand recognition is a key intangible resource for Starbucks. Starbucks reputation is positive and they are known for high quality coffee coupled with high quality customer service day in and day out. Starbucks has also used their brand recognition to introduce new products including bottled coffee drinks ice-cream products, and home espresso machines, and this intangible asset provides overall reliability that is difficult for competitors to penetrate. Other intangibles include quality of locations; skill at citing new shops; employee training, skill at customer service, and morale; employer of choice-Forbes 100 Best Companies to Work for 2007, 2008. Organizational Capabilities: Howard Schultz continues to strengthen Starbucks top management team, hiring people with extensive experience in managing and expanding retail chains. Starbucks also maintains and continues to expand its ownership of desirable locations so location analysis is a capability which allows the company the ability to increase quality of the same input factors as their competitors. Value Chain Analysis The term value chain describes a way of looking at a business as a chain of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value (Pearce and Robinson, 2007, p.158). Primary Functions Include: High quality product, Ethical coffee sourcing and fair trade, global responsibility, and Baristas (quality of customer service).  Inbound logistics: negotiation with coffee providers, purchasing, receiving, processing, distributing raw materials to service sites.   Support Functions Include: Coffee Master training program, desirable locations, and modern technologies and research and development. Plus traditional organizational support functions such as HR admin, accounting and finance, marketing, etc. Strengths of the value chain for Starbucks include their high quality product and the sourcing and creation of their product. Starbucks is committed to ethical sourcing and fair trade. Starbucks is also globally responsible and has introduced a shared planet program thus producing a sustainable image. This differentiates their product from their competitors. Weakness of the value chain for Starbucks include over saturation of the brand and diminishing growth opportunities due to buying out their competitors in prime real estate locations. Financial Analysis Liquidity Starbucks 2008 Industry Median Current Ratio 0.80 0.89 Quick Ratio 0.50 0.50 A current ratio measures how well Starbucks is able to meet its short term obligations. A quick ratio measures the same, minus inventories. Starbucks current ratio aligns with the industry median which means their current ratio is considered a norm for the industry. Their quick ratio also aligns with the industry median suggesting that the company doesnt have too much of its liquid assets tied up in inventory and that they are not dependent on the sale of that inventory to finance operations. The ratios above generally imply that Starbucks is able to pay its short term obligations including items such as vendor bills, rent, utilities and payroll. This number also indicates that Starbucks is credit worthy because they have enough cash to pay off their short term debt and suggestive that they pay their bills on time. Activity Starbucks 2008 Industry Median Inventory Turnover 8.3 29.2 Total Asset Turnover 1 1.2 Inventory Turnover Ratio describes how quickly product is being sold. Starbucks inventory turnover is 8.3. The industry median is 29.2; suggesting that Starbucks is lagging in ability to turn over its inventory compared to its competitors. With a ratio of 8.3, Starbucks essentially filled and sold everything on its shelves eight times in the year 2008, while the competition filled and sold 29 times. Total Asset Turnover offers managers a measure of how well the firm is utilizing its assets in order to generate sales revenue. An increasing ratio would indicate that the firm is using its assets more efficiently. Starbucks 2008 ratio was 1, slightly lower than the industry median, and their 2007 ratio was 1. This implies that Starbucks hasnt changed the way its using its assets. As this number also indicates pricing strategy and thus suggests that Starbucks has not changed its pricing strategy in the past two years of data. Profitability Starbucks 2008 Industry Median Gross Profit Margin 55.30% 42.16% Net Profit Margin 0.88% 7.67% Gross Profit Margin represents a firms money left over after the cost of goods sold. Gross Profit Margin helps the company pay for future liabilities and future savings. Starbucks earned 10,383 million in revenue for 2008. Their ratio of 55% indicates that they made roughly a little more than 50 cents for every dollar earned after the cost of goods sold was subtracted. Net Profit Margin Ratio depicts how much of every dollar earned a company keeps in earnings. Starbucks is much lower than its industry median. A higher profit margin indicates a more profitable company that  has better control over  its costs compared to  its competitors. As Starbucks markets itself as a luxury brand and charges on average four dollars for a cup of coffee, its no wonder its much lower than its competitors. This number can also indicate that Starbucks operating costs to produce their luxury coffee is increasing in cost. These items include dairy products, coffee beans, cups, syrups etc. Finally Starbucks has a high gross profit compared to a low net profit. This could suggest that Starbucks isnt very good a controlling their expenses. Leverage, Earnings Per Share, Price/Earnings Starbucks 2008 Industry Median Debt to Equity 1.28 1.17 Debt to Assets 0.56 The debt/equity ratio shows how much a firm has borrowed as a percentage of its stock equity. Often, the lower, the better. Starbucks ratio suggests that it is not borrowing heavily against the stock equity compared to its competitors. Debt to assets ratio shows what portion of funds is being provided by creditors. Starbucks ratio shows that they are using very little credit. Price to Earnings Ratio: 127 According to Benjamin Graham, and investment is considered speculative stock when it has a P/E higher than 15, regardless of industry. Warren Buffet currently trades on this rationale. Using this rationale, that would suggest that Starbucks is severely overvalued. If we were to follow Benjamin Grahams theory on speculative stock, Starbucks should be trading at a 1.80 per share. The industry average for P/E is approx 20-25 under current finance ratios. This number fluctuates based on current stock price. Therefore Starbucks range should be from 2.40-3.00 per share. Earnings Per Share-12 Cents (1 Q, 2009) Earnings Per Share shows how many dollars in profit were earned per outstanding shares of the common stock. The current EPS would show that Starbucks business has pulled back considered since 2008s quarterly reports which listed EPS at 43 cents per share. Therefore, based on this information, an investor could make the assumption that Starbucks debt is virtually equal to there income. And given one more or two more quarters of loss, the income would be less than the debt and would set the company up for a loss. This could generate from closed stores, overstock of inventory, and inflation. Strategy Recommendation A generic strategy is a core idea about how a firm can best compete in its current marketplace (Pearce Robinson, 2007). While Starbucks has many different strategies to consider, a generic strategy is currently recommended below given the research found in this report. Recommended Strategy For Starbucks: Differentiation Starbucks can best achieve its long terms strategies by continuing to strive to create and market unique coffee based products to varied customer groups through differentiation. The following direction points will be the basis for the competitive strategy: Rivalry will be reduced with successful differentiation. As Starbucks markets itself as a luxury brand and experience, customers will be less sensitive to prices if Starbucks products are successfully differentiated. Starbucks differentiation and focus strategy pushes customers to brand loyalty which will make it difficult for new entrants to overcome. Starbucks currently exhibits and utilizes both differentiation strategy and the focus strategy. Starbucks has developed a customer loyalty that enables the firm to charge a premium price for its products. Starbucks demographic composition of their consumer base is narrow in direction. Their target consumer is middle to upper class and an educated coffee drinker who prefers quality and customer service over a low-cost price. This suggests that the firm is using a focus strategy anchored in a differentiation base because they attend to the needs of this demographic. Starbucks has differentiated themselves from their competitors by providing an image of the luxury coffee experience and should continue this approach for long term growth and profit. Implementation With regard to implementation, the following outline is recommended. initiate specific functional tactics outsource nonessential functions communicate policies to all partners design effective rewards Starbucks can successfully implement their implementation plan by turning their strategy into action by following the steps below: continue to provide and create new products perceived of higher value to buyers create a new products business unit for streamlined product development introduction analyze current economies of scale to reduce costs continue to develop and motivate there partners as they are there best assets. continue closing of under performing stores as needed increase global presence in prime locations to wash out weakening domestic economy issues Evaluation and Control Starbucks should evaluate these goals quarterly beginning in 2009 to avoid potential losses and provide for ample time for development of contingency controls. Starbucks can measure success by analyzing the following metrics with regard to new strategies and products: Return on Investment Net Profits Partner Feedback-Starbucks values its partners and considers and considers them one of their greatest strengths. Customer Feedback-Continued customer satisfaction is key to the success of the business. Leadership and Ethical Concerns Howard Schultz is a CEO who embraces change and someone who has a strong strategic plan. His vision is currently being announced in his transformation agenda which essential brings Starbucks backs to its roots. It is a simple plan and it is compelling. His ethical standards are directly tied to the culture of the company and at present is not a concern. Starbucks guiding principles found in Appendix A keep the company focus driven on providing high ethical standards across all business operations.